Introduction to Embryology

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to embryology, including definitions of essential terminology, processes of development, and clinical correlates.

Embryology

A branch of anatomy that deals with the formation, early growth, and development of living organisms.

Teratology

A branch of embryology and pathology that is concerned with abnormal developments such as congenital malformations.

Fertilization

The union of sperm and oocyte (gametes) to form a zygote, a one-cell embryo.

Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs)

Cells formed in the epiblasts that migrate to the developing gonads and undergo gametogenesis.

Gametogenesis

The process by which PGCs undergo meiosis and cytodifferentiation to complete maturation for fertilization.

Zygote

The fertilized egg formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an oocyte.

Blastocyst

An embryo with a fluid-filled cavity, consisting of an inner cell mass (embryoblast) and an outer cell layer.

Spermatogenesis

The entire process leading to the transformation of primordial germ cells into sperm cells.

Embryo

The early stage of a developing human being, extending to the end of the 8th week of development.

Spermiogenesis

The differentiation process leading to the transformation of spermatids into mature spermatozoa.

Congenital Anomalies

Birth defects or abnormalities of development present at birth.

Morula

An early embryo composed of 12 or more blastomeres at 3 to 4 days after fertilization.

Gastrulation

The process during development where PGCs move through the primitive streak.

Sertoli Cells

Supportive cells in the seminiferous tubules providing mechanical support and nutrition for developing germ cells.

Fetus

The developing human after the embryonic period, from the 9th week to birth.

Trimester

A period of three calendar months during a pregnancy.