Circular Motion

Flashcards for reviewing concepts related to circular motion.

What is circular motion?

The motion of a particle or body along a circular path.

What is uniform circular motion (UCM)?

Circular motion with constant speed.

What is non-uniform circular motion (NUCM)?

Circular motion where the speed of the body varies with time.

What is angular displacement?

The angle swept by the position vector of a particle moving along a circular path, measured from the center of the circle.

What is the SI unit of angular displacement?

Radian (rad).

What is angular velocity?

The time rate of change of angular displacement.

What is the SI unit of angular velocity?

rad/sec

What is angular acceleration?

The time rate of change of angular velocity.

What is the SI unit of angular acceleration?

rad/s²

Define time period (T) in circular motion.

The time taken by the particle to complete one full revolution around the circular path.

Define frequency (f) in circular motion.

The number of complete revolutions made by the particle per second.

What is the relation between linear velocity (v) and angular velocity (w)?

v = rw

What is centripetal acceleration?

The acceleration directed towards the center of the circular path in uniform circular motion.

What is the formula for centripetal acceleration (ac)?

ac = v²/r = w²r

What is centripetal force?

The force required to keep a particle moving in a circular path with uniform speed, directed towards the center of the circle.

What is the formula for centripetal force (Fc)?

Fc = mv²/r = mw²r

What is centrifugal force?

A pseudo force that appears to act on a particle in a non-inertial (rotating) frame of reference, directed away from the center of the circular path.

What is the principle of a centrifuge?

Separating particles based on their masses (densities) using centrifugal force.

What is a conical pendulum?

A small body suspended by a string from a fixed support and revolved in a horizontal circular path.

What is the expression for the time period (Tp) of a conical pendulum?

Tp = 2π√(l cosθ)/g

Define vertical circular motion.

Circular motion under the effect of gravity.

What is the minimum velocity at the highest point for completing a vertical circle when attached to a string?

vH ≥ √(gr)

What is the minimum velocity at the lowest point for completing a vertical circle attached to a string?

vL ≥ √(5gr)

What is 'banking of roads'?

The system of raising the outer edge of a curved road above its inner edge.

What is the angle of banking (θ)?

The angle through which the outer edge of the curved road is raised above the inner edge.

What is the formula for the angle of banking (θ) for minimum wear and tear?

θ = tan⁻¹(v²/rg)