CH 11 LIFE SPAM

Emerging Adulthood is also known as ______.

young adulthood

The age range for Emerging Adulthood is ______ to ______.

18,25

True/False
Emerging adulthood is defined by exploration and instability.

true

Emerging adults typically have more ______, more ______ dependence, and more vocational ______.

education, financial, uncertainty

Emerging adulthood is associated with ______ marriage and parenthood.

later

True/False
Early adulthood is often called “the prime of life” because health is at its peak.

true

Body systems begin to decline in the ______, but this is often unnoticed due to organ ______ and ______

20s, organ reserve, muscle reserve

Two body systems that remain at relatively high levels in early adulthood are ______ and ______

athletic performance, sexual reproduction

Lifestyle =

athletic

Age =

reproduction

True/False
For men, age can affect sexual responsiveness

True

• 1) eating disorders

• 2) drug abuse

• 3) psychotherapy

• 4) violence

Early adulthood is more likely than any other time of life to see the development of

The full height for females is typically reached by age ______, and for males by age ______.

16;18

True/False
Even after reaching full height, both males and females continue to accumulate fat and gain muscle

true

True/False
Men are typically stronger than women in early adulthood.

true

Physical strength usually peaks at about ______ years for both men and women

30

Early adulthood is the optimum functioning time for the _______, _______, _______, and ______ systems.

digestive, respiratory, circulatory, sexual reproductive

In early adulthood, people usually visit the doctor more for injuries than for diseases

True

The chance of developing cancer in early adulthood is about 1 in ______, though cancer is a leading cause of fatal disease

10,000

leading cause of death in young men

violence

Senescence

age related physical decline

Senescence begins between ___ and ___ years of age

20;30

Factors which affect rate of senescence are

• a) genes

• b) environment

• c) personal choices

True/False
The first visible signs of aging appear on the skin during the 20s

true

Hair typically begins to gray around age ______.

30

Body systems begin to decline:

• Kidneys: ___per decade

• Lungs:___ per decade

4% ; 5%

All senses begin to decline in early adulthood, and near-sightedness increases

true

Noticeable hearing loss usually occurs in the ___

60s

Aging occurs more quickly for ethnic minority ___of lower ___

males ; SES

Adult females generally have better health habits, are healthier, have fewer fatal diseases, and live about ______ years longer on average.

5

Two disadvantages of being female are ______ and ______.

being undernourished, reproductive system problems

More males die leaving more females

3 Theories as to why more elderly women

1) Biological

need to reproduce and care for young

More males die leaving more females

3 Theories as to why more elderly women

2) Cognitive

men take more risks

More males die leaving more females

3 Theories as to why more elderly women

3) Psychosocial

women marriage, family, etc

The older you get: the harder

it is to recover from physical stress

Set Point

the homeostatic point for weight

Set Point is affected by

• age

• genes

• diet

• hormones

• exercise

Organ Reserve is

the extra capacity that each organ has for responding to stressful events or prolonged effort

Muscle Capacity: begins to decline about ___

30

Muscle Capacity change is

gradual

Muscle Capacit not noticable in

every day

Heart Rate

Maximum heart rate:

declines with age

Heart Rate

Resting heart rate:

remains stable

Sports: which require large muscles and strength peak ___than those for smaller muscles

earlier

What is the correct sequence of sexual activity in males and females?

A) Arousal → Orgasm → Peak excitement → Refraction → Recovery
B) Arousal → Peak excitement → Orgasm → Refraction (males only) → Recovery
C) Orgasm → Arousal → Peak excitement → Recovery → Refraction
D) Peak excitement → Arousal → Orgasm → Recovery → Refraction

B) Arousal → Peak excitement → Orgasm → Refraction (males only) → Recovery

As men age, they generally need ______ time for sexual activity.

more

True/False
Men need more time as they age because sexual activity takes longer and requires more effort

true

With age, men take longer to achieve a full ______

erection

With age, men take longer to reach ______

ejaculation

With age, men experience a longer ______ period

refractory

Women are more likely to

orgasm as they mature

Women are more likely to: orgasm as they mature

• Theories as to why:

• 1) males takes longer

• 2) experiences help

• 3) culture inhibits women

• 4) reproduction less likely

Women: can still have a child at __

50

can father a child into late adulthood

men

Infertility: ____% of US couples

15

Men’s sperm affected by aging:

a. sperm numbers decrease

b. shape changes

c. motility changes

Men 40 years and over: take ___ as long to reproduce

3x

Infertility in Women for various reasons:

a. overweight

b. underweight

c. failure to ovulate

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

a. may cause blocked tubes

b. more sexually active, the more STIs

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART):

various methods to help infertile couples

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF):

petri dish, then transferred into woman

Generally healthy yet: some problems

• Females:

• Males:

dieting eating disorders

violence

Body Mass Index (BMI):

weight (in kilograms)% height (in meters)

• assesses if too thin or too fat

Females and BMI:

8 lbs too heavy

Males and BMI:

5 lbs too thin

Anorexia Nervosa:

too few calories

Bulimia Nervosa:

binge then purge

Anorexia diagnosed by four symptoms:

• a. refusal to maintain body weight

• b. intense fear of gaining weight

• c. disturbed body perception

• d. lack of menstruation

Bulimia Nervosa:

• binging then purging

• can damage the gastrointestinal system

• can cause cardiac arrest

Five theories to explain eating disorders

1.) Psychoanalytic:

• Eating disorders may come from unresolved conflicts with mothers.

• Example: A person might use control over food as a way to cope with feelings about their mother or family dynamics.

Five theories to explain eating disorders

2.) Behaviorism:

Stimulus-Response Theory

• Idea: Eating behaviors are learned through rewards and punishments.

• Example: If restricting food makes someone feel a sense of control or praise, they may repeat it, creating a pattern.

Five theories to explain eating disorders

3.) Cognitive Theory

• Idea: People develop eating disorders because of a need to project a strong or perfect image.

• Example: Someone may believe “I have to look a certain way to be accepted,” which affects their eating habits.

Five theories to explain eating disorders

4.) Sociocultural:

• Idea: Cultural pressures like media ideals, peer expectations, or societal standards of beauty contribute to disordered eating.

• Example: Constant exposure to “thin ideal” images can encourage unhealthy dieting or body dissatisfaction.

Five theories to explain eating disorders

5.) Epigenetic:

• Idea: Eating disorders result from a combination of genetics (biology) and environmental influences.

• Example: A person might have a genetic tendency toward anxiety or impulsivity, which, when combined with stress or cultural pressures, increases risk of an eating disorder.

Drug Abuse:

using a drug in a way that is harmful to an individual’s physical, cognitive, or psychological well-being

Drug Addiction:

the body’s need for the drug

Abuse and Addiction

• more prevalent in young adulthood

• more men abuse and are addicted

People who misuse drugs have:

• a. an attraction to ___

• b. ___tolerance for frustration

• c. vulnerability to ____

excitement; low ; depression

Reasons young people misuse drugs:

Settings:

where they socialize may encourage drug use

Reasons young people misuse drugs:

Pressures:

• to finish school

• to start a family

• to begin a career

Reasons young people misuse drugs:

These factors discourage drug use:

• regular medical advice

• being married

• religious involvement

Young Adult Users are more likely to:

• a. avoid, fail, or drop out of school

• b. lose or quit jobs

• c. be employed below their potential

• d. have uncommitted sexual relationships

• e. die violently

• f. have eating disorders

Depression can lead to:

• impairment

• pre-mature death

Major depression causes:

• a.) more activity in ___pre-frontal cortex

• b.) or in the ____

right; amygdala (fear and agression)

Schizophrenia has:

• disorganized thinking

• delusions

• hallucinations

Schizophrenia Can be caused by:

• genetics

• trauma

More deaths from violence occur in ______ than in ______

men, women

One reason men die more from violence is because they have more _____

testosterone

Testosterone is linked to increased ______ and ______.

impulsivity, anger

lack of ____-may also play a role in why men die more from violence.

Socialization

Aggression might result from high ______ coupled with unmet ______.

self-esteem, expectations

Aggression can be worsened by ______, ______, and ______

alcohol, available weapons, lack of self-restraint