AP World History Review Flashcards - Units 1-5

A set of flashcards reviewing key concepts from AP World History Units 1-5 and 6-9, designed to help students prepare for their exam.

How did Song China maintain its rule?

Maintained and justified rule through Confucianism and imperial bureaucracy.

Name two innovations that led to the flourishing of the Song economy.

Champa rice and the Grand Canal.

Name two Islamic political entities that emerged as the Abbasid Caliphate fell apart.

Delhi Sultanate and Mamluk Sultanate.

What were some of the intellectual innovations of Islamic empires?

Mathematics, preservation of Greek classics, transfer of Indian mathematics, and adaptation of papermaking.

Name two states in South Asia influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.

Delhi Sultanate and Vijayanagara Empire.

What practices did the Aztec Empire continue from earlier states like the Maya?

Tribute system and human sacrifice.

What facilitated African state building?

Trade networks and religion.

What characterized European state building?

Religion, feudalism, and decentralized monarchies.

What were the three major trade networks that expanded during this period?

Silk Roads, Indian Ocean Network, and Trans-Saharan Trade.

What factors caused the growth of the Indian Ocean Network?

Desire for foreign goods, technological innovations, and the spread of Islam.

What was the key transportation technology used in the Trans-Saharan Trade?

Arabian camel and saddle.

Name two cities that rose to prominence due to the Silk Road.

Samarkand and Kashgar.

Name two crops that spread due to increasing interconnection.

Bananas and Champa rice.

What empire controlled the entirety of the Silk Road network, encouraging international trade?

The Mongol Empire.

What technology allowed the Ottoman Empire to grow significantly?

Gunpowder weapons.

What was the name of the enslaved Christians converted to Islam who served in the Ottoman military?

Janissaries.

Under which ruler did the Mughal Empire cover half of the Indian subcontinent?

Akbar.

What methods did rulers use to legitimize and consolidate power?

Bureaucracies, religious ideas, art, and tax collection.

What was the Ottoman system that staffed the imperial bureaucracy?

Devshirme system.

What invention led to the rapid spread of the Protestant Reformation?

Printing press.

What is Sikhism?

Syncretic blend of Hindu and Islamic doctrines.

Name three maritime innovations that facilitated transoceanic trade.

Astrolabe, magnetic compass, and lateen sail.

What were the primary motivations for European exploration?

"Gold, God, and Glory".

Name two foods that transferred from the Americas to Europe.

Potatoes and maize.

Name two animals that transferred from Europe to the Americas.

Cattle, pigs, and horses.

What labor systems did the Spanish use in their colonial economy?

Encomienda, hacienda, and mita systems.

What trade network involved manufactured goods from Europe, enslaved people from Africa, and raw materials from the Americas?

Triangular Trade.

What event marked the beginning of the women's suffrage movement?

Seneca Falls Convention.

What document contained Enlightenment ideas that influenced the American Revolution?

Declaration of Independence.

What were the British advantages that led to the Industrial Revolution?

Proximity to waterways, raw materials, urbanization, and improved agricultural productivity.

What was a key factor in the spread of industrialization in the United States?

Massive immigration.

What industry was the focus of the First Industrial Revolution?

Textiles.

What industry was the focus of the Second Industrial Revolution?

Steel.

What economic system did Western European nations adopt, abandoning mercantilism?

Free market capitalism.

Name a transnational corporation that operated across national boundaries.

Unilever.

What organizations were formed to advocate for workers' rights during the Industrial Revolution?

Labor unions.

Give an example of literature used to communicate Cultural Ideologies of Imperialism

Rudyard Kipling's "White Man's Burden".

Give an example of Nationalist Motives of Imperialism

Britain taking over India, France gathering African colonies.

What were some New Imperial Powers Replacing Old?

United States, Japan, Russia

Give an example of Direct Resistance to Imperialism in Peru

Tupac Amaru led a rebellion

Give an example of Religiously-Inspired Rebellions to Imperialism

Ghost Dance Movement, Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

Shift in Agricultural Practices during Colonialism?

Cash crops

Give an example of Economic Imperialism

Opium Wars.

What started the Opium Wars between China and Britain?

Britain smuggled opium into China to solve the trade deficit

Reasons for Migration: Work opportunities and new labor systems?

Indentured servitude, Asian contract laborers, Penal colonies

Immigrants typically settled in large cities, contributing to urbanization

White Australia Policy and Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States

Russian Revolution: Result?

Bolsheviks seized power and established communist government (Soviet Union)

Chinese Revolution: Result?

Last Chinese dynasty overthrown by Sun Yat-sen, ending the imperial system

Spark that started World War I

Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Government Economic Involvement: United States

Great Depression

Government Economic Involvement: Great Depression in the US?

President Franklin Roosevelt (Democrat): New Deal represented massive government spending

What caused World War II, what rose in Germany?

Rise of Fascist Regimes

Strong industrial sector far from conflict

democratic and totalitarian

Genocide and Ethnic Violence

Nazi Holocaust

Causes of Cold War: Conflicting Ideologies

US: Democratic capitalism, USSR: Authoritarian communism

Military Alliances: Cold War, which involved the US?

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Alliance): US and Western Europe

Proxy Wars during the Cold War

Vietam, Nicaragua, etc

Why did Chinese become communist?

Mao Zedong's communist forces defeated nationalists with Soviet aid

Negotiated Independence: India

Indian National Congress, Mohandas Gandhi nonviolent resistance movement

Armed Resistance: Algeria

Algerian Muslims formed National Liberation Front and rebelled

Economic Control in New States: Example:

Indira Gandhi in India: Green Revolution

Nonviolent Resistance Figures

Mohandas Gandhi (India)

Nonviolent Resistance Figures 2

Martin Luther King Jr. (United States)

Nonviolent Resistance Figures 3

Nelson Mandela (South Africa)

End of the Cold War

Soviet Failure in Afghanistan

Globalization: Increased speed

Communication and Transportation

More common in developed world where people live longer

Diseases Associated with Old Age

Fertile land becomes desert-like due to deforestation and harmful chemicals

Environmental Problems: Declining air quality

Solutions: Paris Agreement (2015):

Nations agreed to limit carbon emissions

Wealthier countries (Finland, Japan, US) shift to knowledge work

Rise of Multinational Corporations:

Examples Globalization: Class

US: Jim Crow regulations outlawed (Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965)

Reflects Indian sensibilities, popular worldwide

Bollywood (India:

Globalization: Consumer Culture

online

Examples of globalization: Global brands

McDonald's Coca-Cola

Globalization: Further fosters globalization

Globalization: Changed International Relations