IMPORTANT EVENTS

What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?

A law that established the federal judiciary system.

What significant event occurred in 1794 related to whiskey?

The Whiskey Rebellion, a protest against the federal excise tax on whiskey.

What were the two main political parties during George Washington's presidency?

The Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party.

What was the Assumption Plan of 1790?

A financial plan to assume state debts by the federal government.

What was the purpose of the First National Bank of the United States established in 1791?

To serve as a central bank and stabilize the nation's currency.

What invention did Eli Whitney create in 1793 that revolutionized the cotton industry?

The cotton gin.

What concept emphasizes the role of women in raising children to be virtuous citizens?

Republican motherhood.

What treaty, signed in 1794, resolved issues between the U.S. and Great Britain?

The Jay Treaty.

What was the significance of the Pinckney's Treaty of 1795?

It established friendly relations between the U.S. and Spain and granted the U.S. access to the Mississippi River.

What did the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 entail?

Laws that allowed the government to deport foreigners and make it harder for new immigrants to vote.

What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

Political statements that argued states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional.

What landmark Supreme Court case established judicial review in 1803?

Marbury v. Madison.

What major land acquisition did Thomas Jefferson oversee in 1803?

The Louisiana Purchase.

What was the Embargo Act of 1807?

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports.

What was the significance of the Second Great Awakening?

A religious revival that led to increased church membership and social reforms.

What conflict involved the Barbary Pirates during Jefferson's presidency?

The Barbary War (1801-1805), a conflict over piracy and tribute.

What was the Hartford Convention?

A series of meetings in 1814-1815 where New England Federalists discussed grievances against the War of 1812.

What economic institution was established in 1816?

The Second Bank of the United States.

What was the American System proposed by Henry Clay?

An economic plan that aimed to unify the nation through a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

An agreement that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance of power.

What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823?

A policy that warned European nations against colonization in the Americas.

What was the Tariff of Abominations (1828)?

A protective tariff that raised duties on imported goods, leading to significant opposition in the South.

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

A law that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

What significant event is associated with Georgia in 1832?

The Trail of Tears.

What religious movement occurred during the Antebellum Period?

The Second Great Awakening.

Who was the President of the United States from 1837 to 1841?

Martin van Buren.

What economic crisis occurred in 1837?

The Panic of 1837.

What was the major political development involving Texas in 1845?

The Annexation of Texas.

What communication innovation was developed by Samuel Morse in 1844?

The Telegraph.

What was the outcome of the Commonwealth v. Hunt case in 1842?

It recognized the right of workers to organize.

What treaty was signed in 1842 to resolve border disputes between the U.S. and Britain?

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty.

Who was the U.S. President during the California Gold Rush?

James K. Polk.

What ideology justified American expansion in the 19th century?

Manifest Destiny.

What significant women's rights event took place in 1848?

The Seneca Falls Convention.

What was the Free Soil Party's stance in 1848?

Opposition to the expansion of slavery into the territories.

What was the significance of the Oregon Territory in 1846?

It was settled through a treaty with Britain, establishing the 49th parallel.

What military conflict occurred between the U.S. and Mexico from 1846 to 1848?

The Mexican-American War.

What treaty ended the Mexican-American War?

The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.

What was the purpose of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853?

To facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad.

What legislation allowed for popular sovereignty in new territories?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.

What incident highlighted the violence over slavery in Kansas?

Bleeding Kansas.

What was the outcome of the Scott v. Sandford case in 1857?

It ruled that African Americans could not be citizens.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

An executive order by Abraham Lincoln that freed slaves in Confederate states.

What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau established in 1865?

To assist freed slaves and poor whites in the South.

What amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law?

The Fourteenth Amendment (1868).

What was the significance of the Alaska Purchase in 1867?

It expanded U.S. territory and resources.

What was the first transcontinental railroad completed?

The First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869.

What labor organization was founded in 1869?

The Knights of Labor.

What was the Compromise of 1877?

An agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election and resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.

Who wrote 'Progress and Poverty' in 1879?

Henry George.

What significant event occurred in 1877 involving railroad workers?

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877.

What was the significance of Munn v. Illinois (1877)?

A Supreme Court case that upheld the power of states to regulate private industries.

What legislation was passed in 1882 that restricted immigration?

The Chinese Exclusion Act.

What was the Pendleton Act of 1883?

A law that established a merit-based system for federal employment.

What was the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) established in 1887?

To regulate railroads and ensure fair rates for consumers.

What was the Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890?

A federal law aimed at preventing monopolies and promoting competition.

What was the significance of the Haymarket Riot in 1886?

A labor protest that turned violent, leading to a backlash against labor movements.

What was the Omaha Platform of 1892?

The political platform of the Populist Party that called for reforms such as direct election of senators.

What was the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890?

A tragic event where U.S. troops killed hundreds of Lakota Sioux, marking the end of the Indian Wars.

Who was the author of 'How the Other Half Lives' published in 1890?

Jacob Riis.

What was the significance of the Pullman Strike in 1894?

A nationwide railroad strike that disrupted rail traffic and led to federal intervention.

What was the Panic of 1893?

An economic depression that resulted in bank failures and high unemployment.

What was the Cross of Gold Speech?

A famous speech by William Jennings Bryan advocating for bimetallism during the 1896 presidential campaign.

What was the Gospel of Wealth?

An essay by Andrew Carnegie that argued wealthy individuals have a responsibility to use their wealth for the greater good.

What was the significance of the Atlanta Compromise in 1895?

A speech by Booker T. Washington that advocated for vocational education for African Americans.

Who was Jane Addams and what was Hull House?

Jane Addams was a social reformer who co-founded Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago that provided social services.

What was the role of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) established in 1886?

A national federation of labor unions that aimed to improve labor conditions and wages.

What was the Frontier Thesis proposed by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893?

A theory that argued the American frontier shaped the nation's democracy and character.

What was the significance of the Sierra Club founded in 1892?

An organization focused on promoting conservation and protecting the environment.

What was the Social Gospel Movement?

A religious movement that aimed to apply Christian ethics to social problems, particularly issues of social justice and inequality.

What significant event occurred in 1898 related to Hawaii?

The annexation of Hawaii.

What was the outcome of the Spanish-American War in 1898?

The United States emerged as a colonial power, acquiring territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy established in 1899?

To ensure equal trading rights for all nations in China and to prevent any single power from monopolizing trade.

What was the significance of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906?

It mandated sanitary conditions in meatpacking plants and established federal inspection of meat products.

What was the Panic of 1907?

A financial crisis that led to bank failures and a severe recession, prompting reforms in banking practices.

What did the Sixteenth Amendment (1913) establish?

The federal government's right to impose an income tax.

What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?

To create a central banking system to provide the country with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.

What was the significance of the Nineteenth Amendment (1920)?

It granted women the right to vote in the United States.

What was the Great Migration?

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North for better economic opportunities and living conditions.

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

A bribery scandal involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall.

What was the New Deal?

A series of programs and policies implemented by Franklin D. Roosevelt to address the Great Depression through relief, recovery, and reform.

What was the significance of the 21st Amendment (1933)?

It repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, ending Prohibition in the United States.

What was the Dust Bowl?

A period of severe dust storms during the 1930s that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American prairies.

What was the purpose of the Wagner Act?

To protect workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively.

What was the Court Packing Scheme proposed by Franklin D. Roosevelt?

A controversial plan to add more justices to the Supreme Court to secure favorable rulings for New Deal legislation.

What was the significance of the Schenk v. United States (1919) case?

It upheld the government's right to limit free speech during wartime if it posed a clear and present danger.

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)?

An international agreement that condemned war as a means of resolving disputes.

What was the role of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) established in 1914?

To prevent unfair business practices and promote consumer protection.

What was the Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)?

An anti-foreign, anti-colonial uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence.

What was the significance of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)?

A tragic workplace disaster that led to improved factory safety standards and labor laws.

What were the internment camps during World War II?

Camps where Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated and confined during the war.

What was the Great Migration?

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West during the early to mid-20th century.

Who is Rosie the Riveter?

A cultural icon representing women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II.

What was the Good Neighbor Policy?

A U.S. foreign policy aimed at improving relations with Latin America.

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

A policy allowing the U.S. to supply Allied nations with war material during World War II.

What event led the United States to enter World War II?

The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

What was the Fair Deal?

A set of proposals put forward by President Harry Truman aimed at improving social welfare.

What was the significance of Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)?

A Supreme Court case that limited presidential power to seize private property.

What did the Taft-Hartley Act (1947) accomplish?

It restricted the activities and power of labor unions.

What was the Baby Boom?

A significant increase in birth rates in the U.S. following World War II.