Unit 3 - GH 20

Underlying Causes (MANIA)

Factors that led to WWI include Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism.

Militarism

Increased military focus and spending, particularly by Germany.

Alliances

Complex interrelations between nations that led to chain reactions of involvement, specifically the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance.

Nationalism

Strong collective identities leading to national action and supremacy, particularly heightened in the Balkans.

Imperialism

Expansion of territory through colonies to gain power, resources, and influence.

Fashoda Incident

Conflict between France and Britain over territory in Africa, highlighting imperial tensions.

Scramble for Africa

Competition among European powers for territory in Africa due to limited space in Europe.

Immediate Causes (A)

Events that directly triggered WWI, notably the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

Killing by Serbian nationalists influencing the outbreak of WWI.

July Crisis

Period of escalating tensions and declarations of war among nations following Ferdinand's assassination.

Chauvinism

Extreme nationalism marked by excessive pride and propaganda.

Jingoism

Aggressive nationalism that favors military action.

Total War

Conflict requiring the mobilization of civilian resources and disregard for rules of warfare.

Schlieffen Plan

German military strategy aimed at rapidly defeating France before turning to Russia.

Trench Warfare

Military strategy involving digging trenches for defense and slow movement.

War of Attrition

Military strategy aimed at exhausting the enemy through continuous losses.

Italy's Shift

Italy's change of allegiance from Triple Alliance to Triple Entente in 1915.

Russian Revolution

1917 event leading to the overthrow of Tsar and withdrawal of Russia from WWI.

Advanced Warfare Technology

Innovations such as tanks, machine guns, and chemical warfare during WWI.

US Involvement

US engagement in WWI triggered by the interception of the Zimmerman Telegram.

Canada's Role

Canada's involvement in WWI due to ties with the UK, leading to increased nationalism.

War Measures Act

1914 legislation giving the Canadian government powers during WWI, including conscription.

100 Days Offensive

Final major push by Allied forces to defeat Germany before the armistice.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Peace treaty imposing severe terms on Germany after WWI.

GARGLE

The acronym for key provisions of the Treaty of Versailles: Guilt, Army, Reparations, German Territory, League of Nations, Extra.

League of Nations

International organization formed after WWI to promote peace, though weakened by US absence.

Impact of WWI

Long-term economic and political challenges, including national debts and rise of extremism.

Idealism

Foreign policy approach focusing on internal values and global participation.

Realism

Foreign policy prioritizing national interests and power over values.