1407 Final Exam Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes.

Heterotrophic Bacteria Roles

Disease, Decomposition, Recycling nutrients, Waste/Oil spill clean-up, Insulin, Yogurt, Vinegar

Proteobacteria

Example group of heterotrophic bacteria; E. coli, Gram -, some are heterotrophic some are autotrophic

Chlamydia

Example group of heterotrophic bacteria; Disease causing, intracellular parasites, Gram -

Spirochetes

Example group of heterotrophic bacteria; Small group, syphilis, lyme disease

Gram Positives

Example group of heterotrophic bacteria; Staph, Strep

Gram + Bacteria

Large cell wall on the outside

Gram - Bacteria

Smaller cell wall, extra membrane surrounding it

Obligate Aerobes

Must have oxygen to live

Obligate Anaerobes

Will die in the presence of oxygen

Facultative Anaerobes

Can live in or out of oxygen

Biofilm

Plaques, bacteria form a film over surfaces

Taxis

Ability of some bacteria to move

Virulence Factors

Attributes that allow bacteria to cause disease

Heterotrophic Protists Roles

Digests plant fiber for animals, disease, feed on bacteria

Mushrooms

Multicellular, large reproductive structure, mycelium

Mold

Multicellular, tiny numerous reproductive structures, mycelium

Yeasts

Unicellular

Hyphae

Multicellular filament of fungi

Mycelium

Network of hyphae

Septate

Cells separated by cell walls

Aseptate/Coenocytic

Cells not separated by cell walls

Ergotism

Poisoned by toxins in the fungi, used to make LSD

Fungi Diseases

Athlete's foot, Ringworm, Thrush

Fungi Decomposition

Decompose organic matter

Fungi Produce

Drinking alcohol, cheeses, breads, antibiotics

Genetic Diversity

Variation within a species/population

Species Diversity

Multiple species/populations in a habitat

Ecosystem Diversity

Variation in the niches of an ecosystem

Ecosystem Services

Moderation of weather, soil preservation, cleansing water/air, food/oxygen, lumber

Threats to Species Loss

Habitat loss, pollution, overharvesting, invasive species, climate change

Minimum Viable Population (MVP)

Below which the population will start the extinction vortex

Extinction Vortex

Low genetic diversity causes small populations to weaken and become extinct

Biomagnification

Higher up the food chain, greater toxicity load

Bioaccumulation

Organisms carry greater toxicity loads the older they get

Reusable Water Bottle

Environmental Action

No Disposable Straws/Cutlery

Environmental Action

Bring Own Shopping Bags

Environmental Action

Ride Share

Environmental Action

Don't Waste Food

Environmental Action

Use Less Water

Environmental Action

Use Less Electricity

Environmental Action

Get Active

Environmental Action i.e. Join conservation programs/eco-clubs

Plant Native Wildflowers

Environmental Action

Antibiotics: Cell Wall

Some, like penicillin, will not work against Gram - bacteria

Fimbriae

Virulence factor for bacteria to attach to tissues

Flagella

Virulence factor for bacteria to escape immune cells

Endo/Exo toxins

Virulence factor for bacteria

Capsule

Virulence factor for bacteria hide from immune cells

Habitat Loss

Number one threat to species loss

Old Exams

Don't forget to study for the final