Agriculture

What did enclosure allow for?

Selective breeding of animals for a desired product and a reduced risk of duplication

How much did some enclosed farms in East Anglia grow to?

500 square acres

What was crop rotation boosted by?

Enclosure- more fields available to rotate rather than rotate 1 in 3

What crop was introduced from the low countries?

Frost-resistant turnip

What are examples of nitrogen rich crops and what was their purpose?

Nitrogen rich crops provided nutrients to the soil for greater yields:
.Cabbage
.Sainfoin
.Clover

What is tenant farming?

Land rented out to tenants who could use it to farm but would pay high rent to maintain any buildings on their propert allowed them to maximise profits through specialised farming

By 1700 what percentage of agricultural land was under tenant-farming?

53.6% compared to 32% 100 years earlier

How many people were estimated to be employed in tenant farming?

364,000 families of labourers- 1 million overall employed this way

How many people were involved in skilledcrafts by the end of this period?

240,000

What areas were more suited to arable farming?

The South East

Which areas weremore suited to pastoral farming?

The North and West

How many acres were left fallow in 1420 compared to 1700

3 million acres left fallow (out of 7 million) in 1420 vs 1.8 million acres in 1700

Who was able to experiment with specialised farming?

Yeoman had more land so were able to experiment while Husbandmen weren’t due to needing a more stable income

Who wrote a book in 1680 about new agricultural techniques?

Walter Blith

How would farmers improve fertilisitation?

They would char the surface of soil and scatter ashes on the soil

How would farmers make germination more likely?

They would soak seeds before planting

How did Dutch migration benefit agricultural?

Dutch Cornelius Vermuyden and 4000 drainage experts drained 300,000 acres of the Fens (e.g parts of Northamptonshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk)

What Act was passed in 1663 and what did it mean?

The First Turnpike Act-Made the first toll road (The Great North Road) and the tolls paid for its upkeep

Who made the first road atlas in 1675?

John Ogilby- mapped over 7500 miles of roads over 300 pages

Where was the first stagecoach developed in 1657?

From London to Bristol and Bath

Which rivers were dredged and widened to become more accessible?

Thames, Ouse and Severn

How many acts were passed under Charles II to provide local taxes for dredging and widening of rivers?

15 acts

How much did shipments of grain to London increase?

From 500,000 quarters in 1605 to 1,150,000 in 1661

How much did the price of basic agricultural commodities increase between 1500 and 1650?

Increased 6x

What product did London regularly outbid other counties for?

Barley