Science - Term 3 Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the Science Term 3 lecture notes.

Reference Point

The starting point you choose to describe the location or position of an object.

Position

An object's distance and direction from a reference point.

Reference Direction

The positive (+) direction.

Cardinal Direction

North, south, east, west.

Motion

The process of changing position.

Displacement

The difference between the starting and ending position.

Speed

A measure of the distance an object travels in a given amount of time.

Average Speed

Total Distance / Total Time

Velocity

Speed and direction of an object's movement.

Vector quantity

A quantity that has magnitude (number) and direction.

Motion Diagram

A series of images showing the positions of moving objects, using arrows to show distance traveled and dots to show time taken.

Acceleration

A measure of the change in velocity during a period of time.

Force

A push or pull or twist on an object.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

States that the acceleration of an object equals the net force on the object divided by the object's mass.

Friction

A force that resists the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching.

Free-body diagram

A simple model to understand systems of objects with any amount of applied forces

Net force

The sum of all the forces acting on an object.

Newton's First Law of Motion

States that an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted by an outside force.

Balanced forces

Forces that cancel each other.

Unbalanced forces

Forces that doesn't cancel each other.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

States that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Force Pairs

The forces two objects apply to each other.

Normal force

The force that pushes perpendicular to the object's surface.

Elastic Collision

When colliding objects bounce off each other.

Inelastic Collision

If the objects collide and stick together.

Non-contact force

A force that one object can apply to another object without touching it.

Gravity

An attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass.

Field

A region of space that has a physical quantity.

Gravitational acceleration

Dividing force over mass; on Earth, equals 9.8m/s^2

Weight

The gravitational force exerted on an object, measured in Newtons (N).

Kinetic energy

The energy due to motion.

Potential energy

The energy due to position.

Elastic potential energy

The energy that is stored on an object that is compressed or stretched, such as springs and rubber bands.

Gravitational potential energy

Stored energy due to the interactions of objects in a gravitational field.

Mechanical energy

The sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy in a system, measured in joules (J).

The law of conservation of energy

States that although energy is always transferring from one form to another, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.

Work

The transfer of energy to an object by a force that makes an object move in the direction of the force.

Magnet

An object that attracts iron and other materials that have magnetic qualities similar to iron.

Ferromagnetic

Materials that contain iron, cobalt, and nickel.

Magnetic force

A force of attraction or repulsion created by a magnet; a non-contact force.

Magnetic pole

A place where the force a magnet applies is strongest.

Magnetic field

An invisible field around a magnet that applies force to other magnets or magnetic material.

Magnetic potential energy

Stored energy due to the interactions of magnetic poles in a magnetic field.

Magnetic domains

A region in a magnetic material in which the magnetic field of the atoms all point in the same direction.