AP psych unit 8

medical model

the concept that diseases can be diagnosed, treated, and cured

epigenetics

study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur w/o a dna change

ex; identical twin studies

attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder

disorder marked by extreme inattention and/ or hyper activity and impulsivity

schizophrenia

thoughts or experiences that seem out of touch w reality (psychosis)

positive schizophrenic symptoms

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech

negative schizophrenic symptoms

withdrawal, lack of emotion, catatonia

hallucinations

false sensory experiences

delusions

paranoia and grandeur

grandeur

fully convinced something happened/ you did something but it didnt

disruptive mood disregulation disorder

characterized by extreme irritability + intense anger out bursts

major depressive disorder

severe sadness + loss of interest, changes in appetite, sleep, energy, concentration, feelings of worthlessness, thoughts of suicide

persistent depressive disorder (dysthemia)

long term but less severe form of depression

bipolar 1

severe manic episodes lasting at least 7 days & depressive episodes lasting ab 2 weeks

bipolar 2

pattern of depressive & hypomanic episodes - less extreme than manic ones

cyclothymic disorder (cyclothemia)

less extreme changes in mood & long term depressive symptoms

manic episodes

euphoric, restlessness, irrationality

generalized anxiety disorder

excessive ongoing worry that interferes w daily life

agoraphobia

fear/ avoidance of social situations, such as crowds or wide open spaces, where one has felt loss of control or panic

social anxiety disorder

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

panic disorder

feelings of fear, dread, persistent + unexpected panic attacks

rumination

compulsive fretting, overthinking our problems and their causes

ex; continuously worrying ab an upcoming test

phobia related disorders

irrational + excessive fear of an object, situation, place, or creature

obsessive compulsive disorder

obsessions and compulsions that ste excessive snd impair functionality

trichotillomania

pulling out hair causing hair loss, in spite of attempt to stop

excoriation disorder

picking at skin that caused injury or lesion in spite of attempts to stop

acute stress disorder

hyper arousal, recurring recollections, avoidance of triggers; lasts no more than a month

PTSD

persistent + severe feelings of fear/ helplessness, flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety

dissociative identity disorder

more than two personality states + gaps in memory

dissociative amnesia

inability to recall important personal info that would not typically be lost w ordinary forgetting

depersonalization/ derealization disorder

feeling detached from ones body, mind, feelings, and/ or sensations

somatic symptom disorder

intense preoccupation w physical symptoms; results in major distress/ impaired functioning

ex; hypchondriac

illness anxiety disorder

excessive preoccupation + worry ab possibility of having or getting a serious illness

ex; gypsy rose

conversion disorder

physical symptoms that resemble those of a nervous system disorder, but doctors can find nothing physically wrong w you

antisocial personality disorder

disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience of wrong doing

cluster A personalities

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypical

paranoid

suspicious, distrustful, secretive

schizoid

reclusive, detached, uninterested in others

schizotypical

bizarre, eccentric

cluster B personalities

anti-social, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

anti-social

deceitful, manipulative

borderline

unpredictable, insecure

histronic

attention seeking, excessive

narcissistic

self absorbed, grandiose sense of status, lack of empathy

cluster C personalities

avoident, dependent, obsessive compulsive

avoident

withdrawn, fears rejection, sensitive

dependent

submissive, clingy, indecisive

obsessive compulsive

perfectionism, rigidity, inflexibility

neurosis

mental problem in ones conscious life

free association

word dumping; patient speaks freely

rational emotive behavior therapy

patients identify self-defeating thoughts & then therapist challenges the rationality if those thoughts & replaces them w positive ones

cognitive behavioral therapy

aims to identify harmful thoughts & asses wether they are acurate

benzodiazipines

depresses CNS and enhance effect of GABA

antidepressants (SSRIs or SNRIs)

blocks reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine

antipsychotics

inhibit dopamine, reducing positive psychotic symptoms

stimulants

increase norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain to improve focus and attention