Linux + Commands (Original by Sirron_Carrector)

I don't own anything, I just reupload and need to do this for my studies. Original is here: https://quizlet.com/307593269/linux-commands-flash-cards/

pwd

print working directory

su

Switch User

~

Shows Home Directory

$

Level of Access- typical user?

exit

" "

Ctr + Alt F1-F12

switch sessions

ls

list

-l

long list

{tab}

auto complete

{up arrow}

previous commands

/usr

information on a directory

date

date and time information

echo $ (date)

date and time information

cal

calendar

clear

clear command script

cal (month) (year) i.e. -cal 06 15

calendar for entire 2015 year/alternate times

uptime

shows how long system has been up- Shows users and load on the OS

who

where connections are coming from with different users- also the IP addresses of different users

whoami

current user- who is logged on

hostname (new name)

local machine being used (can change host cpu name) if used alone "host name" changes it back to default system name

w

shows who is logged in, time they have been in a session

last

record of users and what the system has done, with times too

echo

repeats back, whatever is held in the variable following it

sleep (time) i.e. sleep 5

puts the system to sleep for 5 seconds or any other time.

cd

change directory

sudo (super user do)

temporary elevates privileges

cat

shows what is in a file

which cat

where is the cat command located

/bn/ i.e. cd /bn/

bin directory is location of many commands

man (any search term) i.e. man clear

shows possible commands and definitions of search commands

q

quit

-a i.e. ls touch-a

show all

mv

move

apropos (search term) i.e. apropos network

Another way to search general terms related to commands

info i.e. info ls

further information on commands and what they do (was meant to replace the man pages)

/etc/init.d/

shows what is running (background processes)?

service (application) i.e. service cups

shows status of background processes

stop i.e. sudo service cups stop

stop an application (may ask for creds)

status i.e. ./cups status

shows status of an application

cat /etc/initab

read the content in the file initab

sudo telinit 3

switched to a run level 3 in the intab file (command is specific to red hat machines)

pstree

process tree-shows what processes are responsible for others

enter

give space to type new commands, prevents clutter

shutdown i.e. sudo shutdown -r now

shutdown system

-r

restart

-h

halt

poweroff

power down the machine

runlevel

see current run level

telinit (1-5)

Change run level

useradd (name)

adds user

cat /etc/passwd

shows all different user accounts

passwd (user name)

creates a password for a user

useradd -D

shows where users are assigned and other stats

ls /home

shows all user names

/(search letter)

can use to search through directories

usermod

Modify a user

cat /etc/shadow

Information (Encrypted) on users, only available to root users. Use for Admin to edit stuff

groupadd (name of group)

create a group

usermod -G (list name of group) (name of user)

Add user to group

groups (user name)

See where a particular user is group wise

cd /etc/profile.d/

can be used to edit user accounts

userdel i.e. userdel -r Stacie

delete user account/erase files

groupmod

modify group

groupdel

delete a groupgrouphost

tail /etc/group

check on users and groups

gedit (file name)

able to edit individual files in gedit

env | less

observe settings of users desktop?

shift + :

Bring up the command line to escape

usermod -l

lock an account

ctr+alt+F7

takes back to desktop window

/dev/hda1

LESSON 3 Start

e2label /dev/(device name)(partition number) (label name)

label a file system

fdisk (options) (device name) -b, -h, -S, -s, -v, -l, These are used inside the file: n, d, p, w, q,

show options for hard drives/ alter hard disks

mkfs -v,-V, -t, fs-options,-c,-l

make file system on a hard drive

mke2fs -b,-c,-f,-j,-M,-V

create ext2,3,4 filesystems

mkdir i.e. mkdir /morning

make directory

ctrl+c

Get out of the directory

parted

get into the GNU parted utility

mount i.e. mount LABEL=Mrng /morning

mount a HD

print

shows partition label

/boot

directories for startup

/bin

command line utilities

/dev

device drivers

/etc

basic configuration

/lib

shared programs libraries

/sbin

stores binaries

/usr

small programs

/var

store system logs, printer spools

/tmp

temp files

/opt

file and larger software packages

/mnt

mount point for temp media like cd roms

/media

allows access to removable media

cd i.e. cd /home

change directory

ls

list

mv

move

cp

copy

rm

rename

rmdir

delete directory

pushd

add a directory on top of the stack

mount options: auto, noauto, nouser, user, exec, noexec, ro, rw, sync, async

different options for mounting