ap world history

Great Wall of China

A fortification built to protect the borders of China from invasions.

Confucianism

A philosophical system emphasizing the importance of education, hierarchy, and respect for authority.

Ming Dynasty

The dynasty that succeeded the Yuan dynasty, marking a restoration of Han Chinese rule.

Opium War

A conflict between Britain and China (1839-1842) sparked by the British opium trade.

Taiping Rebellion

A massive civil war in China from 1850 to 1864 led by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom against the Qing dynasty.

Boxer Rebellion

An uprising in 1900 aimed at ending foreign influence in China.

Sun Yat-sen

Revolutionary leader who played a key role in overthrowing the Qing dynasty in 1911.

Cultural Revolution

A campaign initiated by Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976 to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist elements.

Long March

A strategic retreat undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party in 1934-1935.

Zheng He

A Chinese explorer who led maritime expeditions in the Indian Ocean during the early Ming dynasty.

Hundred Flowers Campaign

A movement in China in 1956 encouraging citizens to express their opinions openly.

The Great Leap Forward

An economic and social campaign led by Mao Zedong from 1958 to 1962 aimed at rapidly transforming China into a socialist society.

Deng Xiaoping

Leader of China after Mao, known for modernizing China's economy through policies that embraced capitalism.

Tiananmen Square Massacre

A violent crackdown on pro-democracy protestors in Beijing in 1989.

Qing Dynasty

The last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912.

Yuan Dynasty

A dynasty established by Kublai Khan, marking the first time China was ruled by foreign leaders.

Sino-Japanese War

A conflict between China and Japan from 1937 to 1945, marked by significant atrocities.

Chinese Civil War

Conflict between the Nationalist Party and the Communist Party of China from 1927 to 1949.

Opium

A narcotic drug that became a major trade item for Britain in the 19th century, leading to widespread addiction in China.

Mao Zedong

The founding father of the People's Republic of China and the leader of the Chinese Communist Party.