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Aquifer

A soil, sediment, or rock that contains and transmits groundwater.

Artesian well

A well that is drilled into a pressurized aquifer so the water flows from it without pumping.

Groundwater

Water that occurs in rock, sediment, or soil below the ground surface.

Pollutant plume

The underground spread of pollutant from a source in the groundwater system.

Fractured rock aquifer

A body or section of bedrock that stores and transmits groundwater through intersecting open fractures.

Karst aquifer

A body or section of limestone bedrock that stores and transmits groundwater through dissolved openings such as caves and caverns

Water table

The top surface of groundwater.

PRICES PIT, NEW JERSEY

GRAVEL QUARRY IN PLEASANTVILLE, NJRAN OUT OF GRAVEL, USED AS A DUMP/LANDFILLLICENSED FOR CONSTRUCTION DEBRISACCEPTED HAZARDOUS WASTECOVERED DUMP WITH SOILPOLLUTION DISCOVERED IN WELLS FOR ATLANTICCITY BY USGS

PRICES PITSUPERFUNDSITE

PLUME OF WASTE INGROUNDWATERFLOWED TOWARDSATLANTIC CITY WATERWELLSMULTI-YEAR CLEANUPPROJECTCONTAINED THESPREADING POLLUTIONWITH CAP AND WALLS

WOBURN WELLS G & H: A CIVILACTION

VERY OLD, HIGHLYINDUSTRIALIZED AREAOUTSIDE BOSTONDRUMS OF HAZARDOUSWASTE DUMPED IN AREA OFWATER WELLSFRACTURED ROCK AQUIFERENTERED MUNICIPAL WATERSUPPLY AT WELLS G & HOUTBREAK OF CHILDHOODCANCER IN THE AREAHIGHLY PUBLICIZEDBOOK AND MOVIE "A CIVILACTION" BASED ON THE CASE

EDWARDS AQUIFER VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzYWOM2TmJk

PERCHED AQUIFER

LENS OF AQUICLUDE INAQUIFER• INFILTRATING WATERCOLLECTS ON AQUICLUDE• WELLS PENETRATING THEPERCHED AQUIFERPRODUCE WELL WATERMUCH SHALLOWER THANREGIONAL WELLS

GROUNDWATER

POROSITY - PERCENTAGE OF PORE SPACE IN SOIL, SEDIMENT ANDROCK; AIR OR WATER FILLED• PERMEABILITY - INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF PORES - FLOW OFWATER/AIR AMONG PORES• FILTERING (THROUGH SEDIMENTS) VERSUS OPEN FLOW (FRACTURES& TUNNELS)• VADOSE ZONE - UNSATURATED• WATER TABLE - TOP OF THE GROUNDWATER/PHREATIC ZONE• PHREATIC ZONE - SATURATED WITH GROUNDWATER

ARTESIAN WELLS

AQUICLUDES - NO TOMINIMALPERMEABILITY• CONFINE AQUIFERSTOP AND BOTTOM• WATER PRESSUREBUILDS UP INCONFINED LAYER• WELLS PIERCING ITCAN FLOW OR SHOOT• UNCONFINEDAQUIFER MUST BEPUMPED

EDWARDSAQUIFER, TEXAS

LARGE AREA RECEIVING PRECIPITATIONRECHARGE ZONE INTO THE EDWARDSLIMESTONEKARST WATER FLOWPRESSURIZED ARTESIAN SYSTEMFIRST WELLS IN SAN ANTONIO SHOTWATER 30 FEET INTO THE AIRHEAVY USAGE AND POLLUTION OVERTIMENOW, NO FLOW, WATER QUALITY ISSUES

PRICES PIT, NEW JERSEY

GRAVEL QUARRY IN PLEASANTVILLE, NJRAN OUT OF GRAVEL, USED AS A DUMP/LANDFILLLICENSED FOR CONSTRUCTION DEBRISACCEPTED HAZARDOUS WASTECOVERED DUMP WITH SOILPOLLUTION DISCOVERED IN WELLS FOR ATLANTICCITY BY USGS

PRICES PITSUPERFUNDSITE

PLUME OF WASTE INGROUNDWATERFLOWED TOWARDSATLANTIC CITY WATERWELLSMULTI-YEAR CLEANUPPROJECTCONTAINED THESPREADING POLLUTIONWITH CAP AND WALLS

A CIVIL ACTION

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zsKyywHPkU

WOBURN WELLS G & H: A CIVILACTION

VERY OLD, HIGHLYINDUSTRIALIZED AREAOUTSIDE BOSTONDRUMS OF HAZARDOUSWASTE DUMPED IN AREA OFWATER WELLSFRACTURED ROCK AQUIFERENTERED MUNICIPAL WATERSUPPLY AT WELLS G & HOUTBREAK OF CHILDHOODCANCER IN THE AREAHIGHLY PUBLICIZEDBOOK AND MOVIE "A CIVILACTION" BASED ON THE CASE

Braided stream

river or stream in which the channels interweave with lozenge‐shaped sand bars between them

Effluent stream

a situation in which groundwater level is at a higher elevation than a stream and feeds into it.

Influent stream

a situation in which groundwater level is at a lower elevation than a stream and feeds into it.

Meandering stream

a stream or river with a highly sinuous course that are more common in areas of flat topography.

Drainage basin

the area bounded by hills or drainage divides that feed surface water into streams and rivers.

Tributary

smaller stream that feeds into a larger stream or river.

Wetland

a low topography area of shallow standing water and/or saturated soil for most or all of the year. Also known as swamps, bogs, marshes, and fens among others.

Fluvial deposits

Sediments deposited by rivers and streams.

Soil horizons

Distinct layers developed in soils through weathering and vegetation including from the surface, O‐, A‐, B‐, C‐horizons with depth.

Till

Glacial sediments deposited by ice, typically occurring on slopes.

TIMES BEACH, MO SUPERFUND SITE

SUMMER COMMUNITY• GRAVEL ROADS SPRAYED WITH OIL TO KEEP DUST DOWN• OIL COMPANY BEGAN ACCEPTING HAZARDOUS WASTE AND MIXINGIT WITH OIL• HEAVY APPLICATION OF DIOXIN• HORSES BEGAN DYING, DOGS SICK

TIMES BEACH

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6kshs2ZQcQ

TIMES BEACH,MO

BIG FLOOD SPREADS DIOXINALL OVER TOWNTOWN EVACUATEDEPA DECLARES IT ASUPERFUND SITEINSTALLS FURNACE ANDINCINERATES ALL BUILDINGSIN TOWNABANDONED - NO RECORDOF IT

POLLUTION STUDY

DIOXIN AT DANGEROUS LEVELS IN AND AROUNDRIVERHIGH LEVELS AROUND PLANT IN MIDLANDIN RIVER AND FLOODPLAIN 20 MILESDOWNSTREAMIN SAGINAW RIVER ALL THE WAY TO SAGINAWBAYRESIDENTS ADVISED AGAINST CONSUMINGPLANTS OR ANIMALS IN FLOOD PLAIN

Barrier islands

Long, narrow islands of sand along coastlines.

Delta

Land built into the ocean at the mouth of a river.

Beaches

Strips of sand and possible gravel along coastlines.

Longshore currents

Ocean currents that flow parallel to the shoreline.

Estuary

A river that has been flooded upstream by the ocean.

Waves

Wind‐driven height changes of the ocean surface whose size reflects the size of the basin and strength of the wind.

Bathymetry

The seafloor topography beneath the oceans.

Tides

Movement of water toward and away from the shore as the result of the gravity of the Moon and Sun.

Acid precipitation

Precipitation and fallout of acid and acidic rain and ice from air pollution to the surface.

Temperature inversion

An unusual situation where a layer in the atmosphere reverses temperature gradient sealing the lower atmosphere and allowing pollutants to accumulate.

Smog

A mixed term from smoke and fog: any low‐hanging pollution of the air but primarily applied to air pollution of urban areas, especially involving build‐up of ground‐level ozone.

Fronts

The boundaries between two air masses.

Climate

The long‐term weather patterns of an area.

Coriolis Effect

Deflection of objects and sense of rotation generated by the rotating of the Earth and the resulting relative speed by latitude.