5- Anxiety, Trauma and OCD – related Disorders - ABPsy

Fear and Anxiety

Both characterizes a negative affect, but both can also be adaptive

Fear

Fear or Anxiety

fight or flight

Anxiety

Fear or Anxiety

Future-oriented

Anxiety

Fear or Anxiety

increases preparedness

Fear

Fear or Anxiety

Instantaneous alarm reaction

Anxiety and Fear

Both involve the physiological arousal through the sympathetic nervous system

Panic

Fear occurring during an inappropriate time

Cued (Expected)

Uncued (Unexpected)

What are the two types of panic?

Fear

Fear or Anxiety

Cognitive/subjective:

"I am in danger!"

Fear

Fear or Anxiety

Physiological:

Increased heart rate, sweating

Anxiety

Fear or Anxiety

Cognitive/subjective:

"I am worried about what might happen."

Anxiety

Fear or Anxiety

Physiological:

Tension, chronic overarousal

Fear

Fear or Anxiety

Behavioral:

Desire to escape or run

Anxiety

Fear or Anxiety

Behavioral:

General avoidance

anxiety

The adaptive value of ________ may be that it helps us plan and prepare for a possible threat. In mild to moderate degrees, __________ actually enhances learning and performance.

anxiety

is often adaptive in mild or moderate degrees, it is maladaptive when it becomes chronic and severe, as we see in people diagnosed with anxiety disorders

1. b and A

2. a and B

Match the ff:

Biological:

1. Genetically predisposed

2. Associated with specific brain circuits, hormonal systems and neurotransmitters

Psychological/Behavioral:

a. Avoidance in situations which can associate fear, panic and anxiety

b. Unconscious feelings and sensitivity to situations which may posed as threats (neurotic disorders)

Social:

A. Lack of social support

B. Other environmental factors can be connected (e.g. family, career, etc.)

• Anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines)

• Anti-depressants (SNRIs)

POSSIBLE TREATMENTS: Drug treatments

Trauma-informed Care

Exposure therapy/Panic control treatment

Systematic Desensitization

Cognitive Restructuring

Modeling Therapy

POSSIBLE TREATMENTS: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (majority)

-Stress management through healthy lifestyle

-Meditational and Mindfulness approaches

POSSIBLE TREATMENTS:

Biological Vulnerability

Which integrated model is the ff:

Heritable contribution to negative affect

Biological Vulnerability

Which integrated model is the ff:

"Glass is half empry"

Irritable

Drive

Specific psychological vulnerability

Which integrated model is the ff:

e.g. physical sensations are potentially dangerous

Specific Psychological Vulnerability

Which integrated model is the ff:

Anxiety about health

Nonclinical panic

Generalized psychological vulnerability

Which integrated model is the ff:

Sense that events are uncontrolled/unpredictable

Generalized psychological vulnerability

Which integrated model is the ff:

Tendency toward lack of self-confidence

Low self esteem

Inability to cope

Anxiouse apprehension

Including increased muscle tension and vigilance

Worry process

A failed attempt to cope and problem solve

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Sudden and extreme

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Symptoms are more intense and can cause a major disruption in your day

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Heart palpitations, pounding heart

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Excessive sweating

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Trembling or shaking

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Sensations of shortness of breath, difficulty breathing

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Feeling of choking

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Chest pain or discomfort

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Nausea or abdominal distress

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Feelings of unreality or being detached from oneself

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Fear of losing control or going crazy

Pani attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Fear of dying

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Numbness or tingling sensations

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Chills or hot flashes

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Usually occurs out of the blue without an obvious trigger

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Gradually builds up

Anxiety attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Intensifies over a period of time

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Sress may reach a level that is overwhelming and feel like an attack

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Muscle tension

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Disturbed sleep

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Difficulty concentrating

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Fatigue

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Restlessness

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Irritability

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Increased startle response

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Increased heart rate

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Shortness of breath

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Dizziness

Anxiety

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or ANXIETY ATTACK:

Symptoms may be persistent and very long lasting

Nervous breakdown

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or NERVOUS BREAKDOWN:

Period of mental illness caused by anxiety, stress, or depression

Nervous breakdown

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or NERVOUS BREAKDOWN:

Result of a sudden or extreme incident

Nervouse breakdown

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or NERVOUS BREAKDOWN:

Less intense than panic attacks but tends to last longer

Nervous breakdown

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or NERVOUS BREAKDOWN:

Signs and symptoms are related to depression such as social avoidance, crying, self harming thoughts.

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or NERVOUS BREAKDOWN:

A sudden and severe episode of anxiety (can happen anytime, unexpectedly)

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or NERVOUS BREAKDOWN:

Can occur anytime, anywhere, with no reason at all

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or NERVOUS BREAKDOWN:

More intense, but end within an hour

Panic attack

Determine if the ff is PANIC ATTACK or NERVOUS BREAKDOWN:

Based on flight or flight responses including increased heart rate, trembling body and chest pain

Anxiety

Symptoms:

Rapid heart rate

Feelings of impending doom

Feelings of being out of control

Abdominal cramping

Covid 19

Symptoms:

Fever

Dry cough

Trouble breathing

Extreme fatigue

Anxiety and covid 19

Symptoms:

Chills

Shaking

Sweating

Chest pin

Hot flashes

Shortness of breath

Shopping malls

Being far from home

Cars

Staying at home alone

Buses

Waiting in line

Trains

Supermarkets

Subways

Stores

Wide streets

Crowds

Tunnels

Planes

Restaurants

Elavators

Theaters

Escalators

Typical situations avoided by people with agoraphobia

Running up flights of stairs

Getting invloved in heated debates

Walking outside in intense heat

Having showers with the doors and windows closed

Hot, stuffy rooms and stuffy cars, stores or shopping malls

Having sauna

Hiking

Walking outside in very cold weather

Sports

Aerobic

coffee or any caffeinatefbeverages

Sexual relations

Watching horror movies

heavy meals or getting hungry

Lifting heavy objects

Dancing

chocolate

Standing quickly from a sitting position

Exciting movies

Interoceptive daily acts typically avoided by people with agoraphobia

4-7-8 breathing exercise

An easy way to pull your body out of stress can be done anytime and anywhere

Obsession

Determine if the ff is obsession or compulsion:

Symmetry/exactness/just right:

Needing thingd to be symmetrical/aligned just si urgesto do things over and over until they feel just right

Compulsion

Determine if the ff is obsession or compulsion:

Symmetry/exactness/just right:

Putting things in a certain order repeating rituals

Obsession

Determine if the ff is obsession or compulsion:

Forbidden thoughts or actions (aggressive/sexual/religious):

Fears, urges to harm self or others

Fears of offending God

Compulsion

Determine if the ff is obsession or compulsion:

Forbidden thoughts or actions (aggressive/sexual/religious):

Checking avoidance repeated request for reassurance

Obsession

Determine if the ff is obsession or compulsion:

Cleaning/contamination:

Germs

Fears of germs or contaminants

Compulsion

Determine if the ff is obsession or compulsion:

Cleaning/contamination:

Repetitive or excessive washing

Using gloves,masks to do daily tasks

Obsession

Determine if the ff is obsession or compulsion:

Hoarding:

Fears of throwing anything away

Compulsion

Determine if the ff is obsession or compulsion:

Hoarding:

Collecting/saving objects with little or no actual or sentimental value such as food wrappings

Anxiety Disorders

Panic, Specific Phobia, Social Phobia, GAD etc.

O-C, Stereotypic & Related Disorders

OCD, Body Dysmorphic, Hoarding, Hair Pulling, Skin Picking, etc.

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

PTSD, ASD, ADs, Reactive Attachment Disorder, etc.

Selective Mutism

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Failure to speak in specific social situations

Selective Mutism

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Selective mutism typically first appears at a crucial moment in a child's life, such as beginning preschool.

Selective Mutism

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

At least 1 month (but not limited to the first month of school)

Specific Phobia

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Marked fear or anxiety on a specific subject or situation (e.g. heights, blood-injection-injury, animals)

Specific Phobia

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Lasting for 6 months or more (causes clinically significant distress)

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Fear or anxiety in one or more social situations wherein the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny to others; most common anxiety disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Lasting for 6 months or more (causes clinically significant distress)

Panic Disorder

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Recurrent un-cued panic attacks

Panic Disorder

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Attacks has been followed by 1 month with additional criteria (pg. 208)

Agoraphobia

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Excessive fear about two (or more) of the five situations (e.g. using public transportation, being in open spaces, etc.)

Agoraphobia

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Lasting for 6 months or more (causes clinically significant distress)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Anxiety that focuses on minor everyday events, not one major worry or concern; the individual finds it difficult to control

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Which anxiety disorder is the ff:

Occurs more days than not for at least 6 months

Other specified anxiety disorder

may be diagnosed if you have most but not all of the criteria for an anxiety disorder. For example, anxiety often causes significant distress, but a few of the symptoms to meet the full standards are not met.

Unspecified anxiety disorder

is often diagnosed if you experience anxiety or panic but don't meet the full criteria for the symptoms of another anxiety disorder. It is often used in hospitals or other settings when there may be a lack of information to make a complete diagnosis.

Anxiety Disorders

▪High rates of comorbidity (55% - 76%)

▪ Links with physical disorders (chronic pain, headache, hypertension, heart diseases, etc.)

▪ Comorbidity with depression? Yes. It is possible.

▪ Suicide attempt rates is also similar as depression (20%)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

unlike the disorders you have learned about so far, it does not have a particular focus.