Colonial Latin America - Age of Conquest (Chapter 2) Flashcards

Flashcards covering The Age of Conquest, Portuguese exploration, Columbus, conundrums, and related terms from the provided notes.

What sailing ship with lateen-rigged sails and three masts contributed to the success of early Atlantic voyages?

The caravel.

In 1418, which island did the Portuguese rediscover under the sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator?

Madeira.

Which two island groups established a pattern that prefigured the methods used to settle Brazil, including sugar plantations with African slave labor?

Madeira and the Azores.

What was the ultimate goal of the Portuguese voyages along the African coast?

To discover a route to India, China, and Japan—the riches of the east.

Who rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488?

Bartholomeu Dias.

By 1492, what did the Portuguese know about the Atlantic winds and navigation?

They had wide experience of the wind systems of the Atlantic and knew how to lay their course across, against, or with them.

From whom did Columbus learn most of his knowledge about the ocean and navigation?

The Portuguese (especially in Madeira and Lisbon, and on his voyage to the Guinea coast).

What personal factor aided Columbus in his career according to the notes?

Marriage to the daughter of a Portuguese ship captain.

How do scholars, according to Carl Sauer, view Columbus’s navigational skills and behavior?

They view them as not above average, often below, with willful disregard for instruments and advice.

What shift did Columbus’s geographical ignorance help trigger?

A shift from gold to slaves.

What pattern of conquest and settlement did Columbus’s leadership help establish?

A pattern that was repeated all over Spanish America.

Name one of the Caribbean islands listed in the notes as part of early exploration (Hispaniola or Cuba).

Hispaniola (also Cuba is listed).

Which explorer is associated with the conquest of the Aztec Empire?

Hernán Cortés.

Who was Moctezuma in the context of the Aztec Empire?

The ruler of the Aztec Empire.

Which two empires are named as targets of Spanish conquest in the notes?

The Aztec Empire and The Inca Empire.

Who conquered the Inca Empire?

Francisco Pizarro.

Who was Atahualpa?

The Inca ruler captured by Pizarro.

What were the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Viceroyalty of Peru?

Administrative divisions of Spanish colonial rule in Mexico and Peru.

Which 19th-century Latin American figure listed in the notes is known for his writings and influence (Jose Martí)?

Jose Martí.

What was the War of the Triple Alliance?

A major 19th-century South American war involving Paraguay against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.

What political ideology is listed among the keywords?

Liberalism.

Name a 19th-century Argentine figure listed in the notes.

Domingo Sarmiento.

Name the Argentine caudillo mentioned in the notes.

Juan Manuel Rosas.

What is a Caudillo?

A military or political leader (a strongman).

What are Latifundia, Minifundia, and Latifundista?

Latifundia: large estates; Minifundia: small holdings; Latifundista: owner of a latifundio.

The Flower Wars are associated with which civilization’s practice?

The Aztec Empire.