bio unit 3 exam

Lycopods are sporophyte dominant, while hornworts are gametophyte dominant.

True

Both trichomes and prickles qualify as special structures derived from plant epidermis tissue.

False

Peaches, mangoes, and olives are fleshy, single-seeded fruits we call a drupe.

True

An interrupted dark cycle causes cocklebur to stay vegetative and not make flowers and seeds.

True

Perfoliate leaves have long pedicels that extend out away from the stem before the leaf blade.

False

What type of plant cell has hardened materials for strength/support?

Sclerenchyma

What type of cell in phloem tissue distributes sugars?

Sieve tube

What cell has angular ends, glue-like walls, typical of cortex tissue?

Collenchyma

What is the most common generalized plant cell for storage/secretion?

Parenchyma

What specialized cell pair regulates gas exchange through openings?

Guard cells

Which division has vascular tissue, microphyll leaves, and strobili?

Lycopodiophyta (Lycopodium – "Spike Mosses")

Which division has thallus gametophyte and upright sporophytes with stomata?

Anthocerophyta (Phaeoceros – Hornworts)

Which division includes Marchantia with gemmae cups and gas pores?

Hepaticophyta (Marchantia – Liverworts)

Which division has stalk and capsule structures for sporophytes?

Bryophyta (Mnium – True Mosses)

Which division includes ferns with megaphylls and sori?

Pteridophyta (Polypodium – True Ferns)

What type of root is a large main axis typical of dicots?

Taproot

What root grows above ground from secondary stems to support flooding?

Adventitious root

What thin, multi-branch root is typical in monocots?

Fibrous root

What root arises from pericycle as part of secondary growth?

Lateral root

What is the last layer of cortex providing a barrier to the vascular cylinder?

Endodermis

What stem type is thin, twisting and used by vine plants?

Twiners

What stem is modified to a thorn near the leaf petiole?

Thorns

What stem is thick, waxy, and water-storing?

Barrel/succulent stem

What above-ground stem grows horizontally?

Runners/stolons

What underground stem stores nutrients?

Tubers

Which hormone promotes apical dominance and shoot tilting?

Cytokinins

Which hormone helps in cell division and new leaf growth?

Auxin

Which hormone is responsible for seed dormancy and fruit maturation?

Abscisic acid

Which hormone stimulates germination and stem elongation?

Gibberellins

Which hormone causes leaf drop and regulates stomatal closure?

Ethylene

When 3+ leaves occur at a node, what is the leaf arrangement?

A. Whorled

What process causes genetic diversity in apple varieties?

B. Meiosis

Which materials do we use from wood/bark?

C. All of the above – Paper, cork, latex, spices, etc.

GMO cotton targets what pest?

D. Pink Boll Worm

Short-day plants flower when day length is short. What is produced?

C. Flower

Forests provide what ecosystem services?

D. All of the above – Carbon sink, oxygen, water filtration, biodiversity

Which structure is not needed in hydroponics?

B. Root hairs

What allows bryophytes to retain water on land?

A. Cuticle

During double fertilization, one sperm fuses with?

C. Two polar nuclei

What venation pattern has 5+ lobes like a hand?

B. Palmate

Fruit mostly develops from what part of the pistil?

A. Ovary

Where is ginkgo native to?

C. Temperate deciduous forests

What helps roots perceive gravity?

A. Starch granules (amyloplasts)

Threadlike extensions in moss gametophytes?

B. Protonemata

Root system typical of dicots?

A. Taproot

What seed plant is desert-adapted, low-growing, long leaves?

Gnetophyta (Welwitschia)

What seed plant has flagellated sex cells and sago "palms"?

Cycadophyta (Cycads)

What plant has bilobed leaves and is tolerant to pollution?

Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo biloba)

What seed plant has flowers and enclosed seeds?

Anthophyta (roses, figs, poppies, grasses)

What plant has cone-bearing whorls found on land and sea?

Coniferophyta (pines and cedars)