Chapter 9 The Urinary System

bladder

organ where urine collects before being excreted from the body

calices, calyces

cup-shaped structures in the renal pelvis for the collection of urine

cortex

outer portion of the kidney

filtration

process of separating solids from a liquid by passing through a porous substance

glomerulus

group of capillaries in a nephron

hilum

portion of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit

kidney

organ that forms urine and reabsorbs essential substances back from into the bloodstream

medulla

soft, central portion of the kidney

nephron

functional unit of a kidney

prostate

gland surrounding the urethra in the male

reabsorption

process of returning essential elements to the bloodstream after filtration

renal pelvis

collecting area for urine in the center of the kidney

retroperitoneal

posterior to the peritoneum

trigone

triangular area at the base of the bladder through which the ureters enter and the urethra exits the bladder

urea

waste product of nitrogen metabolism excreted in normal adult urine

ureter

one of the two tubes that conduct urine from the kidney to the bladder

urethra

tube through which urine is transported from the bladder to the exterior of the body

urinary system

body system that forms and excretes urine and helps in the reabsorption of essential substances

urine

fluid excreted by the urinary system

calio, calico

calix

cysto

urinary bladder

glomerulo

glomerulus

meato

meatus

nephro

kidney

pyelo

renal pelvis

reno

kidney

trigono

trigone

uro, urino

urine

uretero

ureter

urethro

urethra

\-uria

of urine

vesico

relation to bladder

ARF

acute renal failure

Cath

catheter

CRF

chronic renal failure

ESWL

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

HD

hemodialysis

KUB

kidney, ureter, bladder

SG

specific gravity

UA

urinalysis

UTI

urinary tract infection

VCU, VCUG

voiding cystourethrogram

casts

materials formed in urine when protein accumulates

condom catheter

disposable catheter for urinary sample collection or incontinence

cystoscope

tubular instrument for examining the interior of the bladder

dialysis

method of filtration used when kidneys fail

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

breaking of kidney stones by using shock waves from outside the body

Foley catheter

indwelling catheter held in place by a balloon that inflates inside the bladder

hemodialysis

dialysis performed by passing blood through a filter outside the body and returning filtered blood to the body

indwelling

of a type of catheter inserted into the blood

kidney, ureter, bladder

x-ray of three parts of the urinary system

peritoneal dialysis

type of dialysis in which liquid that extracts substances from blood is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and later emptied outside the body

specific gravity

measurement of the concentration of wastes, minerals, and solids in urine

urinalysis

examination of the properties of urine

voiding (urinating) cystourerthrogram

x-ray image made after introduction of a contrast medium and while urination is taking place

anuria

lack of urine formation

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

cystolith

bladder stone

dysuria

painful urination

edema

retention of water in cells, tissues, and cavities

end-stage renal disease

the last stages of kidney failure

enuresis

urinary incontinence

hematuria

blood in the urine

incontinence

inability to prevent excretion of urine or feces

nocturia

frequent nighttime urination

oliguria

scanty urine production

polyuria

excessive urination

pyuria

pus in the urine

urinary tract infection

infection of the urinary tract

cystectomy

surgical removal of the bladder

lithotomy

surgical removal of bladder stones

nephrectomy

removal of a kidney

nephrolithotomy

surgical removal of a kidney stone

urology

medical specialty that diagnoses and treats the urinary system and the male reproductive system

antispasmodic

agent that relieves spasms and decreases urination

diuretic

agent that increases urination