child development chapter 5-7

contraception, routine checks, screening and diagnostic tests.

NIPT (non-invasive prenatal testing)

Blood test, can detect down syndrome Edwards syndrome or Pataus syndrome. accurate with no risk. only offered privately

Triple test

offered between 10-14 weeks showing how likely downs syndrome, Edwards syndrome or Pataus syndrome is. only offered privately.

nuchal translucency (NT)

ultrasound checking thickness of the nape of the neck showing that if it is thicker then the likelihood of down syndrome is higher.

Amneocentesis

Invasive procedure. Stick a needle into placenta to get amniotic fluid. Full chromosomal analysis will show if there are birth defects. can risk miscarriage.

CVS

chorionic villus sampling takes a sample of tissue from placenta for diagnosis. can risk miscarriage.

male condom

blocks sperm from getting into the vagina

male condom advantages

98% effectiveness and prevents STI's

Male Condom Disadvantages

single use, reliance on partner

Calander method

Based on menstrual cycle where intercourse is avoided around ovulation to prevent pregnancy

calendar method advantages

99% effective when done correctly, doesn't involve hormones and can be used to prevent or plan

calendar method disadvantages

doesn't stop STI's and relies on understanding

patch

stops egg from ovulation, makes it hard for sperm to reach the egg, thins lining to prevent implantation.

patch advantages

over 99% effective, reduces period cramps, improves acne and only replaced once a week

patch disadvantages

temporary side effects, doesn't protect against STI's and is visible

Combined pill

contraceptive pill that stops egg being released, makes it harder for the sperm to reach the egg and makes the lining of the uterus thin

Combined Pill Advantages

99% effective reduce PMS and cramps, doesn't affect sex

Combined Pill Disadvantages

temporary side effects and can increase blood pressure

IUS

inter uterine system, thickens the mucus around the cervix, makes the lining of the uterus thin and can stop ovulation.

IUS advantages

not visible, fertility will return and does not disturb sex

IUS disadvantages

may cause irregular bleeding, small risk of tearing the uterus and small risk of infection.

implant

over 99% effective, stops ovulation, thickens mucus around cervix, makes lining of the uterus thinner

implant advantages

can stop period, works up to 3 years and does not interrupt sex

implant disadvantages

can worsen acne, can stop periods and effectiveness is reduced by some medicines

baby heartbeat

confirms baby is alive, expected heartbeat is 110-115 BPM

blood pressure

checks blood pressure rates are normal, raised blood pressure can be stress or pre-eclampsia

blood tests

checks for anaemia, diabetes, if any STI's could pass to baby and checks mums blood type in case blood transfusion is needed.

examination of the uterus

checks; how soft cervix is, any thinning or opening of cervix, how far into the pelvis the baby has descended and which way the baby is facing

urine tests

checks protein and sugar which shows risk of pre-eclampsia or diabetes

weight check

checked at first appointment so changes can be monitered, if more weight is gained than expected then there is a risk of pre-eclampsia

12 week scan

checks baby's development and if there is more than one baby

20 week scan

allows stenographer to look for the 11 rare conditions