Computer Components and Operating Systems

Flashcards reviewing the components of a computer (CPU, Memory, Input/Output) and the different properties of operating Systems (Windows, MacOS, Linux, ChromeOS, iOS, and Android).

Milling Machine

A rotating cutting tool moves through material to create a three-dimensional object.

Input Devices

Takes input from the outside world and converts it into binary information.

Memory

Stores information for the computer.

Central Processing Unit(CPU)

The location where all of a computer's calculations are performed.

Output Device

Takes information from the computer and converts it into a physical output.

32-bit or 64-bit Architecture

Refers to the architecture of the CPU running on a system's motherboard.

32 bit processor

Can access up to two to the thirty second power of information, just over 4 billion values.

64 bit architecture

Can access up to two to the sixty fourth power of data, an extremely large amount.

32 bit operating system

You cannot run 64 bit applications.

64 bit operating system

You can run both 64 bit applications and 32 bit applications.

Advanced RISC Machine (ARM)

Design the specifications for hardware, which are then used by third parties to create ARM-based CPUs; known for efficiency and speed in processing.

Processor Core

The main processing unit of a CPU that contains multiple cores on a single physical package.

Hyper Threading Technology (HTT)

Technology that makes a single physical CPU core appear and operate as multiple CPU cores, increasing throughput by 15-30%.

Virtualization Technology (VT)

Hardware in CPUs that allows users to virtualize additional operating systems on their computer.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

High-speed temporary storage commonly used when loading an application or document.

Memory Modules

Sticks of memory inside a computer.

DIMM

A dual inline memory module where the connectors on one side are different from the connectors on the other.

SODIMM

Used in laptops, it is about half the width of a normal DIMM.

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

RAM located on memory modules that constantly needs to be refreshed so data doesn't disappear.

Synchronous

A clock that regulates the flow of data in and out of memory modules, providing a standard timeframe for data transfer.

Notches on Memory Modules

Used to prevent the installation of the wrong type of memory in a system.

Single Data Rate Memory

One clock cycle transfers one bit of data; used in older computers.

Double Data Rate Memory (DDR)

Transfers twice the data in a single clock cycle compared to single data rate memory.

Operating System (OS)

An operating system that ties together a computer's memory, storage, CPU, and other components.

Operating System (OS)

A standard platform on which application developers can write their applications.

Microsoft Windows

A popular operating system with extensive support in the industry.

Linux

A Unix-like, open-source operating system.

Linux Community

The Linux community is worldwide and provides extensive support for this operating system.

MacOS

A desktop operating system built specifically for Apple hardware that is easy to use and highly compatible with applications.

Chrome OS

An operating system made by Google based on the Linux kernel, designed for low-end platforms and based around the Chrome browser.

iPadOS

A variant of iOS specifically created for use on Apple tablets.

iOS

Apple's operating system for iPhones, based on Unix.

Android OS

Google's open-source operating system for phones, based on Linux and supported on hardware from many manufacturers.