APCSP Unit 11 - The Internet

network

A chain of communication that connects places

protocols

technical rules governing data communication

computing device

An electronic device that operates under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use.

input device

computing devices that the are used to take in information from a user or another device

output device

computing devices that are used to send computer data to the user

storage device

computing devices that remember information

network device

computing devices that are used for communication between computers

computing system

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

computer network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

The Internet

A global network connecting millions of computers, making it possible to exchange information.

bandwidth

The capacity of data transfer in a system. Measured by bitrate.

bitrate

The number of bits a system can send per second.

latency

The time it takes for a bit to get from sender to receiver.

Internet Protocol (IP)

A set of rules responsible for disassembling, delivering, and reassembling packets over the Internet.

IPv6

A new 128 bit version developed to replace IPv4, addressing the issue of IP address exhaustion.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

A location or address identifying where documents can be found on the Internet; a Web address

Domain Name System (DNS)

Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.

root server

A DNS server maintained by ICANN and IANA that it is an authority on how to contact top-level domains, such as those ending with .com, .edu, .net, .us, and so on. ICANN oversees the operation of 13 root servers around the world.

top-level domain (TLD)

The last section of a domain name, specifying the type of organization or its country of origin

second-level domain

Unique name within a top-level domain

Yahoo.com, Whitehouse.gov, Unesco.org

routing

the process of deciding which path to take on a network. This is determined by the type of network and the software used to transmit data.

redundancy

unnecessary repetition

fault tolerance

the ability for a system to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and automatically takes over with no loss of service

scalable

The property of a network that allows you to add nodes or increase its size easily.

packets

The defined block of information consisting of header, data, and trailer that serves as the information exchange method on the network.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

a protocol that allows for sending multiple packets between two computers. TCP checks that all packets arrived and that they can be put back together in the proper order.

metadata

data that describes other data

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol that standardizes the language for talking to web servers to send and receiving web resources

sequential computing

Completes one task at a time, in order.

parallel and distributed computing

Completes multiple tasks at a time, simultaneously.

DDoS Attack

Distributed Denial of Service Attack. Typically a virus installed on many computers (thousands) activate at the same time and flood a target with traffic to the point the server becomes overwhelmed.

spoofing

a technique intruders use to make their network or internet transmission appear legitimate to a victim computer or network

Certificate Authority (CA)

A trusted third-party agency that is responsible for issuing digital certificates.

digital divide

A worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology

copyright

a form of protection for intellectual property, usually applying to artistic works

copyright licenses

All rights reserved - Creator reserves all rights

Some rights reserved - Creator may allow for things like reuse or modifications as long as they are cited as the creator

Public domain - Creator has dedicated the work to the public domain and waived all rights