Renaissance and Enlightenment Key Terms - AP Euro matching and entification or renaissance and enlightenmnet

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to the Renaissance and Enlightenment.

Thomas More

An English humanist who authored 'Utopia,' exploring revolutionary views of society.

English Civil War

The conflict between King Charles I and Parliament from 1642 to 1649.

Deism

A religious philosophy that posits God created the universe but does not intervene in its workings.

Indulgences

The selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church, leading to Reformation.

Petrarch

Father of humanism who celebrated ancient Rome.

William of Orange

Leader of the Dutch revolt against Hapsburg rule.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

1572 massacre where thousands of Huguenots were killed in France.

Joseph II

Ambitious Habsburg monarch known for his military and economic reforms.

Ptolemaic model

The geocentric model of the universe proposed by Claudius Ptolemy.

Principia Mathematica

Sir Isaac Newton's work detailing laws of motion and gravitation.

Louis XIV

Absolute monarch known as the Sun King who built Versailles and embodied royal authority.

Pragmatic Sanction

Decree ensuring Habsburg lands would remain intact, allowing female succession.

'School of Athens'

A famous fresco by Raphael depicting great philosophers.

Elizabeth I

Queen of England who settled religious differences, leading to Anglican Church formation.

Council of Trent

Roman Catholic council addressing reforms in response to the Reformation.

Denis Diderot

Co-editor of the 'Encyclopedia,' advocating Enlightenment ideas.

Dante Alighieri

Italian poet known for 'Divine Comedy' and 'Vita Nuova'.

Peace of Nystad

Peace treaty ending the Great Northern War, expanding Russian territory.

Raphael

Artist renowned for his Madonnas and the fresco 'School of Athens'.

Oliver Cromwell

Leader who established a republican commonwealth in England post-Civil War.

Mercantilism

Economic policy aiming to increase national wealth through trade balance.

Politiques

Rulers who sought to maintain state stability over religious unity.

95 Theses

Martin Luther's list of grievances against the Catholic Church.

Michelangelo

Renowned sculptor and painter known for the Sistine Chapel's frescoes.

Richelieu

(1585-1642) French Cardinal and politician responsible for instituting absolutist practices in France.

Tycho Brahe

Danish astronomer who challenged Aristotle's view of a perfect universe.

Humanism

Cultural movement reviving interest in classical Greek and Roman thought.

John Locke

Philosopher advocating for natural rights and government by consent.

Catholic League

Alliance formed in response to Protestantism in France.

Edict of Nantes

Document granting religious toleration to Huguenots in France.

Giovanni Boccaccio

Author known for his book 'Decameron' centered on humanism.

Thomas Hobbes

Political philosopher who argued for absolute sovereignty.

Peter I (the Great)

Tsar who modernized Russia and expanded its territory.

Catherine de Médicis

French queen who attempted to mediate conflict between Catholics and Protestants.

Leonardo de Vinci

Universal man of the Renaissance, artist, and inventor.

John Calvin

Theologian whose teachings emphasized predestination.

Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

Advocate of divine right monarchy and royal authority.

Frederick II (the Great)

Prussian King known for military and administrative reforms.

Mary I

Daughter of Catherine and Henry VIII, tried to return England to Catholicism, killed many protestant heretics, married Philip II of Spain.

David Hume

A prominent philosopher of Enlightenment focusing on empiricism.