AP Chem Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Particles

chemistry

What is the atomic number of zinc?

30

What is the atomic symbol for zinc?

Zn

What is the average atomic mass of zinc?

65.38g

How many protons does zinc have?

30

How many neutrons does Zn-65 have?

35

The number of protons in an element is equal to its ____

atomic number

The number of electrons in a neutrally-charged element is equal to ____

the number of protons

The number of neutrons in an element is equal to ____

mass number - number of protons

Gases are at standard temperature and pressure when pressure is ___atm and temperature is ____K

1, 273

When a gas is at STP, one mole of gas always occupies ___L

22.4

The number of protons in Cl-35 is ___

17

The number of neutrons in Cl-35 is ____

18

The mass number of Cl-35 is ___

35

The number of neutrons in C-12 is ____

6

The mass number of C-12 is ___

12

According to the graph, what is the most abundant isotope of magnesium?

Mg-24

Ions collide with a metal plate. Electrons are transferred from the metal to the ion, producing a current and thus a signal to a computer.

Detection

Ions are attracted to the negative side of an electromagnetic field causing separating of the mixture based on mass and charge.

Deflection

Electrons are knocked off sample particles to form (mostly) +1 ions. 

Ionization

Ions move through a series of charged plates to form a narrow beam of high speed particles with equal kinetic energy. 

Acceleration

If the average atomic mass of hydrogen in nature is 1.0070, which isotope must have a higher percent composition in nature?

H-1

If the average atomic mass of boron in nature is 10.81 amu, which isotope must have a higher percent composition in nature?

B-11

Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of ___

Neutrons

What element is this?

Na

Higher number of protons means….

Greater attractive force

A close valence electron means…

Greater attractive force

The _____ electron configuration refers to the arrangement of the electrons in the lowest available energy levels

ground state

An ___ electron configuration refers to a situation in which at least one of the electrons has moved up to a higher energy level

excited state

As electrons get closer to the nucleus, binding energy ___

increases

Does N or O have a higher binding energy?

O

A greater attractive force means a ____ atomic radius

smaller

A closer valence electron means a ___ atomic radius.

larger

When two ions have the same number of protons, the one with the smaller atomic radius has ___ electrons in its outermost shell

less

The force that pushes electrons apart due to their like charges is called…

electron-electron repulsion

As you move from left to right across a horizontal row on the periodic table, atomic radius values tend to ___ from left to right, and first ionization energy values tend to ___ from left to right.

decrease, increase

As you move from top to bottom down a vertical column on the periodic table, atomic radius values tend to ___ from top to bottom, and first ionization energy values tend to ___ from top to bottom.

increase, decrease

After an elements valence electrons are removed, the electrons following require a much ___ amount of ionization energy

larger

The higher the electronegativity value for an element is, the ___ the attraction for electrons.

greater

The greater the difference in electronegativity between two atoms, the ___ polar the bond is.

more

The measure of the magnitude of a dipole is called the …

dipole moment

Whenever two electrical charges of opposite sign are separated by a distance, a ___ is generated.

dipole

In general, the greater the difference in electronegativity, the ___ the magnitude of the dipole moment

greater

The atoms of the ___ ordinarily do not form chemical bonds or share electrons with other atoms.

noble gases

The most electronegative element on the periodic table is…

Flourine

As you move from left to right across a horizontal row on the periodic table, electronegativity values tend to ___ from left to right.

increase

As you move from top to bottom down a vertical column on the periodic table, electronegativity values tend to ___ from top to bottom.

increase

The smaller the atomic radius is, the ___ the electronegativity value is.

greater

The larger the atomic radius is, the ___ the electronegativity value is.

smaller

The greater the attraction is between an atom and an added electron, the more ___ the value of ΔE is.

negative

The more negative the value of ΔE is, the ___ the electron affinity is.

greater

The energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom to form a negatively charged anion.

electron affinity

In general, ___ energy is released when a nonmetal atom gains an electron than when a metal atom gains an electron.

more

The likelihood that two elements will form a chemical bond is determined by the interactions between the valence electrons and ___ of elements.

Nuclei

Elements in the same column of the periodic table tend to form ___ compounds.

analogous

Typical charges of atoms in ionic compounds are governed by the number of valence electrons and predicted by their ___ on the periodic table.

location

What are the diatomic elements?

Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F

What element is tetratomic? (occurs with 4 atoms)

P

What element is octatomic? (occurs with 8 atoms)

S