Acids and Bases

What are five properties of aqueous acids?

• Sour taste

• Turn blue litmus red

• React with metals to produce H₂

• Conduct electricity

• Neutralize bases

What are five properties of aqueous bases?

1. Bitter taste

2. Slippery feel

3. Turn red litmus blue

4. Conduct electricity

5. Neutralize acids

Name this binary acid: HCl

Hydrochloric acid

Name this binary acid: HI

Hydroiodic acid

Name this oxoacid: HNO₃

Nitric acid

Name this oxoacid: H₂SO₄

Sulfuric acid

What does the Arrhenius definition say about acids?

Acids produce H⁺ or H₃O⁺ in water

What does the Arrhenius definition say about bases?

Bases produce OH⁻ in water

What is a strong acid?

One that completely ionizes in water (e.g., HCl, HNO₃)

What is a weak base?

One that only partially dissociates in water (e.g., NH₃)

What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

A substance that donates a proton (H⁺)

What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?

A substance that accepts a proton (H⁺)

What is a Lewis acid?

A substance that accepts an electron pair

What is a Lewis base?

A substance that donates an electron pair

Give an example of a Lewis acid that is not a Brønsted acid.

BF₃ or AlCl₃

What is a conjugate acid?

The species formed after a base gains a proton

What is a conjugate base?

The species formed after an acid loses a proton

What is an amphoteric compound?

A substance that can act as both an acid and a base (e.g., H₂O)

What is neutralization?

A reaction where an acid and a base form a salt and water

What causes acid rain?

Gases like SO₂ and NO₂ dissolving in water to form acids

Name two effects of acid rain.

• Damages plants and aquatic life

• Erodes buildings and monuments