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70 Terms
Prokaryotic cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells
Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Cell wall
A rigid layer found in plant cells that provides structure and support.
Chloroplasts
Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Large central vacuole
An organelle in plant cells that stores water and maintains turgor pressure.
Mitochondria
Organelles that produce energy (ATP) through aerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration
A process of producing cellular energy involving glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane.
Diffusion
The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up biological reactions by lowering activation energy.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid that carries genetic information, found in the nucleus.
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or characteristic.
Red blood cells
Cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to body cells and remove carbon dioxide.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
Plasma
The liquid component of blood that carries cells and nutrients.
White blood cells
Cells in blood that are part of the immune system.
Platelets
Cell fragments in blood involved in clotting.
Stomata
Pores on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange and water vapor release.
Mitosis
A process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.
Chemical equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP).
Word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen.
Activation energy
The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction.
Turgor pressure
The pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells.
Concentration gradient
The difference in concentration of a substance across a space.
Gas exchange
The process of swapping oxygen and carbon dioxide in plants.
Cell division
The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
Genetic information
Instructions encoded in DNA that determine the traits of an organism.
Biological reactions
Chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
Cellular energy
Energy produced and used by cells for various functions.
Chromosomes
Structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA.
Homeostasis
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in an organism.
Prokaryotic cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells
Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Cell wall
A rigid layer found in plant cells that provides structure and support.
Chloroplasts
Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
Large central vacuole
An organelle in plant cells that stores water and maintains turgor pressure.
Mitochondria
Organelles that produce energy (ATP) through aerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration
A process of producing cellular energy involving glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane.
Diffusion
The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up biological reactions by lowering activation energy.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid that carries genetic information, found in the nucleus.
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or characteristic.
Red blood cells
Cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to body cells and remove carbon dioxide.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
Plasma
The liquid component of blood that carries cells and nutrients.
White blood cells
Cells in blood that are part of the immune system.
Platelets
Cell fragments in blood involved in clotting.
Stomata
Pores on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange and water vapor release.
Mitosis
A process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.
Chemical equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP).
Word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen.
Activation energy
The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction.
Turgor pressure
The pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells.
Concentration gradient
The difference in concentration of a substance across a space.
Gas exchange
The process of swapping oxygen and carbon dioxide in plants.
Cell division
The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
Genetic information
Instructions encoded in DNA that determine the traits of an organism.
Biological reactions
Chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
Cellular energy
Energy produced and used by cells for various functions.
Chromosomes
Structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA.
Homeostasis
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in an organism.
Microbe
A microorganism, especially bacteria, virus, or fungus.
Bacteria
A single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Virus
A non-cellular infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
Saprotroph
An organism that feeds on dead organic matter.