Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Name three organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole.

What is the function of the mitochondria?
Mitochondria produce energy (ATP) through aerobic respiration.

Write the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)

What is photosynthesis? Give its word equation.
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight.
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to low water concentration.

Describe the process of diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until evenly distributed.

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
Enzymes speed up biological reactions by lowering the activation energy without being used up.

What is DNA and where is it found in the cell?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) carries genetic information and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Define a gene.
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or characteristic.

What is the function of red blood cells?
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to body cells and remove carbon dioxide.

What is the difference between an artery and a vein?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood towards the heart. Arteries have thicker walls, veins have valves.

Name the main components of blood.
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

What is the role of the stomata in plants?
Stomata are pores on the leaf surface that allow gas exchange (CO₂ in, O₂ out) and water vapor release.

Explain what happens during mitosis.
Mitosis is cell division that produces two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent.