Mexico (tenochitlan)
Aztec Location
Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Belize, Honduras
Mayan Location
Peru
Incan Location
Hernan Cortes
Aztec Coloniser
Spain
Mayan Coloniser
Francisco Pizarro
Inca Coloniser
Polytheistic
Maya/Incan/Aztec Religion
Aztec inventions
MX Flag, ball game, some musical instruments
Mayan inventions
calender; concept of zero; astronomy; hieroglyphics
Incan inventions
‘knot’ language; architecture; largest + best road system
Aztec society
priests were doctors, teachers, and ran ceremonies
Mayan society
kings-nobles-priests- lower class
Incan Society
kings-nobles-priests-farmers
Aztec punishment
chili pepper fire, slavery, killed
Mayan punishment
human sacrifice for entertainment; cut out heart
Incan punishment
cut off limbs; thrown off cliff
Norse vikings
1st Europeans in America
Countries apart of Trans-atlantic slave trade
Portugal, Denmark, Spain, England, France, the Netherlands
Trans-atlantic slave trade
europe - africa (guns + manufactured goods)
africa - americas (enslaved africans)
americas - europe (raw materials)
Who dominated slave trade?
Portugal (were the first to start)
Columbian exchange
new world - old world (corn, tobacco, rice, syphillis)
old world - new world (cows, horses, sugar cane, KY bluegrass; smallpox)
Treaty Line of Tordesillas
portugal got brazil and land under africa; spain got everything west of the line ----- line drawn by pope
Age of Discovery
started by slave trade
Vasco de Balboa
sailed Pacific Ocean
Coronado
searched for Golden cities; found Grand Canyon + bison
De Soto
found Mississippi river; buried in it
Juan Ponce de Leon
fountain of youth; found florida
John Cabot
Englishman; found North American coast
Hudson
Englishman; settlement NY
La Salle
established French settlements in TX and LA
Roanoke
“Lost Colony'“; Sir walter Raleigh sailed there and back
Columbus
sighted bahamas
1st permanent settlement;
Jamestown
year jamestown was settled
1607
goals; find gold; passage to pacific
Jamestown
upper class were sent to settle
Jamestown
2/3 died by 1st summer
Jamestown
who took over and saved Jamestown
John Smith
colony that had “starving time”
Jamestown
starving time
period after John Smith returned to England and colony starved
John Rolfe
saved Jamestown with tobacco
Tobacco
1st cash crop; required white indentured servants originally to grow
place where 1st documented african ships arrived
VA
house of burgessess
1st colonial legislature; VA
Bacon’s rebellion
in VA; indentured servants rebellion; start of ONLY slavery in america
Jamestown
1st colony; by virginia company
Puritans Vs Separatists
puritans wanted to stay with church of england; separatists wanted to leave
Plymouth Bay Colony
2nd permanent english settlement; by separatists
Massachussetts Bay Colony
by Puritans; governed by John Winthrop (city on a hill)
New England politics
democratic town meetings
NE economy
shipbuilding, fishing, whaling, lumbering and iron making.
Rhode Island
Roger Williams + Anne Hutchinson(banned from bay colony because of religion)
Fundamental Orders
1st constitution
NE education
universities; christian classes; more educated
Middle Colonies Education
more than south; less than north; read + wrote bible
New england colonies
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maine, Massachussetts
Southern Education
did not value education; sent to england to study
6 impacts of columbian exchange
diseases, war, economy, culture, encomienda, animals, plant, slave trade
Middle Colonies
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware
Middle colonies economy
good farmland and produced grains for bread, ships, lumber and furs; diverse population
NY settlers
Dutch (taken by england eventually)
PA founders
William Penn & Quakers; very peaceful and liberal
Southern Colonies
VA, NC, SC, GA
Maryland (founder + why)
Lord Baltimore; haven for persecuted catholics in england
Act of Toleration
caused by Tensions between Catholics and Protestants; only tolerated christianity
SC main crop
rice
NC vs SC
south; wealthy, rice
north; rugged indivualists, tobacco
GA (founder + why)
Oglethorpe founded as a debtors prison
colony with 1st + 2nd anglo-powhatan wars
virginia
which colony had nathaniel bacon
virginia
sam adams
signed declaration of independence, leader of sons of liberty, cousin of John Adams(complete opposites), ‘instigator’ -
John adams
2nd president, edited the Declaration of Independence signed and
negotiated Treaty of Paris (ended the war),
1st Vice President,
Midnight judges - federalist judges before jefferson became president
lame duck act
jefferson could not place any anti-federalist judges
Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans
Hamilton Federalists supported a strong central government; they believed that the government should support private enterprise, not interfere with it; and they supported the British.
Jeffersonian anti-Federalists demanded a weak central government and supported states' rights.
government FOR all people but not BY all people
wanted slavery ensure that farmers could remain land owners
The Sedition Acts
Federalist Congress passed a series of oppressive laws aimed at "aliens", or foreigners who came to America and supported Jefferson.
stated that anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely defamed its officials would be liable to a heavy fine and imprisonment.
Benedict Arnold
most famous traitor, didnt’ get promotion in American army, went to British army, flees to Britain after war
Ben Franklin
lighting rod, flew a kite, bifocals, started volunteer firefight, designed first political cartoon (Join or Die), Poor Richards Almanac, Pennsylvania Gazette, helped with Declaration of Indepedence, pivotal with getting France to help America,
Washington -
1st president, general of continental army
Baron von Steuben
saved Valley Forge
Nathaniel Greene
1st to use Guerilla warfare against British
John Hancock
rich smuggler in Massachusetts,; largest signature on Declaration of Independence, the reason why George Washington was selected to be general
Nathan Hale
famous spy for George Washington (wrote in invisible ink), captured by British and hung by british, ‘my one regret is that I have but one life to give to my country’,
Hamilton
1st secretary of treasury (economic system due to him tdy), 1st banking and financial system, federalist papers, fought w/ washington (yorktown which was a win), swing vote for jefferson, lost duel with aaron burr + died
Patrick Henry -
‘give me liberty or give me death’, 1st governor of VA,; pro-bill of rights
John Jay -
1st supreme court justice, part of 1st and second continetnal congress, also author of Federalist papers, will have treaty named after him (jay’s treaty - HUGE FAILURE)
Thomas Jefferson -
main author of declaration of Independence,
manufacturing over agriculture
in HOrep, at 2nd continental congress
, governor of VA, wrote statue of religious freeodm, minsiter of france, VP of JOhn adams,
President during LA purhcase,
barbary pirates
war of 1812
Madison -
last author of federalist papers, nicknamed ‘father of constitution’, jefferson’s secretary of state, 4th president
george mason
at Boston tea party, wrote VA declaration of rights (basis for bill of rights)
Thomas Paine
wrote ‘common sense’ - pro -independence
Betsy Ross -
‘allegedly’ sewed the flag, grandson started rumor
cause + effect of Boston Tea party
cause; “taxation w/out representation” - britian overtaxed due to loss of french vs indian war and colonists were not rep. in congress
effect; intolerable acts
lexington/concord
shot heard round the world (1st shot of revolution - NO ONE KNOWS WHO SHOT)
paul revere + warned people -
General gage; goal was to arrest rebel leaders (eg)sam adams, john hancock, john adams) + cause revolution to crumble; wanted to reassert royal authority
founding fathers had already fled + many went into hiding
Bunker hill
also breeds hill
general gage (british) vs general prescott (americans)
low on ammunition; ‘dont fire untill see the whites of their eyes’; so they don’t miss (muskets were not accurate)
americans lost; but british lost half of men
after, George washington was picked to be commander due to hancock’s suggestion
Valley Forge
in pennsylvania
bad winter, lack of food + supplies, frostbite - army starts deserting
baron von steuben + lafayette bring supplies
baron von stueben - drills men and raises morale
Battle of Saratoga
turning point of american revolution
in NY,
when america wins, france and spain helps (spain didnt like due to defeat of spanish armada; french + indian war)
“battle of trenton”
Washington crossing the delaware
surprised hessians
germans had christmas parties and drunk; americans suprised and took captive
hessians were headed to yorktown - took away british reinforcements that could have turned tide of yorktown
Battle of Yorktown
washington comes in land, french by water + surround british
cornwallis surrenders; AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
George Washington
Congress adopts the
Bill of Rights in 1789 and establishes an army. The Bill of Rights is ratified 1791. Congress passes the 11th Amendment,
Whiskey Rebellion
(1789-1793) and (1793-1797)
John Adams (Federalist)
The 11th Amendment is added to the Constitution in 1798.
Washington D.C. becomes America's official capitol in 1800.,
He was the second president of the United States and a Federalist.
He was responsible for passing the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Prevented all out war with France after the XYZ Affair.
His passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts severely hurt the popularity of the Federalist party and himself
(1797-1801)
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)
(1801-1805) and (1805-1809)
Louisianna Purchase in 1803.
In 1803 the 12th Amendment is approved by Congress and added to the Constitution in 1804.
Lewis and Clark begin exploring the Lousianna Territory in 1804, returning in 1809.
First secretary of state.
Took up the cause of strict constructionists and the Republican Party, advocating limited federal government.
Organized the national government by Republican ideals, doubled the size of the nation, and struggled to maintain American neutrality.
James Madison (Democratic-Republican)
(1809-1813) and (1813-1817)
The War of 1812, the US declares war on Great Britain.
In 1814, the British (technically the Canadians) set fire to the Capitol.
The Treaty of Ghent ends the war in 1814.,
The fourth President of the United States (1809-1817).
A member of the Continental Congress (1780-1783) and the Constitutional Convention (1787),
he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution and was a contributor to The Federalist Papers (1787-1788), which argued the effectiveness of the proposed constitution.
Favored strict interpretation of the Constitution.