Chapter 22: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Profiling

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

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16 Terms

1

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

It constitutes a single-base-pair change originating from a spontaneous mutation that can be a base substitution, insertion, or deletion at a single site.

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2

HLA-DQA1 gene

A a member of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family, which contains a large number of genes involved in the immune response in humans.

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3

DQα AmpliType® kit

The first commercial kit, developed in the late 1980s by Cetus Corporation in Emeryville, CA.

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4

allele-specific hybridization

In _______, allele discrimination is based on an optimal condition allowing only the perfectly matched probe–target hybridization to form.

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5

Primer extension methods

These are based on the ability of DNA polymerase to incorporate specific deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) complementary to the sequence of the template DNA.

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6

Allele-specific oligonucleotide ligation

It is based on the condition that only the allelic probe perfectly matched to the target is ligated.

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7

invasive cleavage method

In the ______, allelic discrimination is based on DNA sequence-specific cleavage by endonucleases.

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8

de novo genome sequencing

In _________, uncharacterized genomes or characterized genomes with substantial structural variations are sequenced.

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9

resequencing applications

In ________, characterized genomes are sequenced. Sequence reads are assembled against an existing reference sequence to identify sequence polymorphisms.

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10

Target resequencing

is a useful method of resequencing that can be utilized for forensic applications. The genomic regions of interest from a DNA sample are selectively isolated through a method known as enrichment.

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11

Mate-pair library

It is often used in de novo sequencing applications.

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12

Fragment Library

It is often used for resequencing and forensic applications.

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13

emulsion PCR

In the ________, single-stranded DNA templates are bound to beads.

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14

solid-phase PCR

In _______, both forward and reverse primers are attached to a slide.

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15

Pyrosequencing Technology

During this method, each nucleotide substrate is introduced one at a time. Only the correct nucleotide corresponding to the template is incorporated, and a pyrophosphate is released.

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16

coverage or the sequencing depth

The average number of times that each nucleotide in the genomic regions of interest is sequenced is known as the _______.

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