apush 8.11-8.12

Women's movement

Sought equal rights and opportunities and greater personal freedom for women; increased education and employment, the civil rights movement, and a sexual revolution contributed to renewal of this and 1960s

Betty Freidan

Wrote the feminine mystique; helped found NOW in 1966

The feminine mystique 1963

Encouraged middle-class women to seek fulfillment in professional careers in addition to filling the roles of wife, mother, and homemaker

National organization for women (NOW)

Adopted the activist tactics of other civil rights movements to secure equal treatment for women, especially job opportunities

Equal pay act of 1963

Prohibit discrimination on account of sex in the payment of wages by employers engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce

Civil rights act 1964

Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, sex, or national origin

Title IX

1972; statue to end sex discrimination in schools that receive federal funding; best known for its requirement that schools provide girls with equal athletic opportunities

Equal rights amendment (ERA)

1972; proposed constitutional amendment that stated: equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by US or by any state an account of sex; Missed ratification by the required 38 states

Cesar Chavez

led a series of boycotts for farm workers who are being exploited (mostly Mexican workers)

United farmworkers association

Gained collective-bargaining rights for Mexican farmers in 1975; seek to empower migrant farm workers and improve their wages and working conditions

Hispanic Americans

1980s, growing number were elected to public office (mayors of Miami, San Antonio, etc.) census said that in 2000 they were largest minority group

American Indian movement (AIM)

Founded in 1968 to achieve self determination and revival of tribal traditions; members took over prison in Alcatraz Island and occupied wounded knee

Indian self-determination act of 1975

Gave reservation and tribal lands greater control over internal programs education and law enforcement

Asian Americans

Largest group of these were Chinese ancestry then Filipinos Japanese Indian Koreans and Vietnamese. Had a strong dedication to education and well represented in best colleges; suffered discrimination, Envy, and Japan bashing

Gay rights movement

Gay activist urged homosexuals to be open about their identity and to work to end discrimination and violet abuse; By mid 1970s homosexuals no longer classified as a mental illness and Clinton set up don't ask don't tell policy but military could expel people for being gay or lesbian

Warren court

1953 to 1969 under Chief Justice Earl Warren; made a series of decisions in 1960s that affected the criminal justice system, state political systems, and definition of individual rights; focused on protecting individual rights

Mapp V Ohio 1961

Ruled evidence seized illegally can't be used against the accused in court

Gideon V Wainwright 1963

Required that state courts provide council (attorney) for poor defendants

Escobedo v Illinois 1964

Extended ruling in Gideon giving suspects right to have a lawyer present during questioning by police

Miranda V Arizona 1966

Extended ruling in Escobedo to inquire police to inform an arrested person of the right to remain silent

Reapportionment

The distribution of legislative representatives in districts according to population; before 1962 the senate had districts strongly favoring rural areas

Baker V Carr 1962

Warren court declared reapportionment favoring rural areas unconstitutional; established one vote one man principal

One man one vote

the election districts would have to be re-drawn to provide equal representation for all citizens

Yates v United States 1957

The first amendment protected radical and revolutionary speech, even by communist unless it was a clear and present danger to the safety of the country

Students for a democratic society (SDS)

1962; newly formed radical student organization; hold a meeting in port Huron Michigan and issued declaration of purposes (Port Huron statement); leader was Tom Hayden

New left

Activists and intellectuals who supported Hayden's ideas

Free speech movement

Student protest in 1964 at Berkeley campus; demanded an end to university restrictions on students political activities and demanded greater voice in government of university

Democratic convention

Best known off-campus protest happened at this in Chicago in 1968; mix of peaceful and radical antiwar protesters, anarchist, and Yippies damaged property, terrorized pedestrians, and taunted police; mayor Richard daley ordered police to break up demonstrations

Yippies

Members of the youth international party

Weather underground

Most radical fringe of the SDS; embraced violence and vandalism in their attacks of the system

Counterculture

Expressed in rebellious styles of dress, music, drug use, and communal living; Political protests of new left went hand-in-hand with this; they were the era of hippies/flower children

Folk music

Rural music; John Baez and Bob Dylan gave voice to younger generation protest with this

Rock music

Combines rhythm, blues, jazz, and country with electric instruments; Beatles, Rolling Stones, Jim Morrison, and Janis Joplin provided beat for counterculture

Woodstock

1969 music festival in upper New York were young people reflected zenith of counterculture; lives ruined by experimenting with drugs (LSD, etc.)

Alfred Kinsey

Wrote surveys of sexual practices in the 1940s to the 1950s; his research said premarital sex, marital infidelity, and homosexuality were more common than suspected; challenge traditional relics about sexual conduct

Sexual revolution

Engaging in sex with number of partners/before marriage was okay; premarital sex, contraception, abortion, and homosexuality became more visible and widely excepted; blamed for increase of illegitimate birth, rape, sexual abuse, STDs, and aids