Zaria Iqbal - Final Study Guide

Child Development

The scientific study of children from conception to adolescence.

PIES

Physical development, intellectual development, social-emotional development.

Gross motor

Involves large muscles like arms and legs.

Fine motor

Involves hand/eye coordination and smaller muscles in fingers, toes, etc.

Initiative vs guilt

Erikson's stage where children feel bothersome when caregivers are too busy.

Proximodistal development

Development from center of the body out to the limbs.

Cep(halo)caudal development

Development from the top of the body down to the feet.

Windows of opportunity

Prime period for developing skills based on brain stimulation.

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Erikson's stage where children need self-control.

Conception

Usually occurs in the fallopian tubes.

Fraternal twins

Two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm.

Identical twins

One egg fertilized by one sperm and zygote splits in two.

Positive signs of pregnancy

hCG, fetal heartbeat, movement, image, shape, uterine contractions.

Three stages of labor

Dilation, delivery of baby, delivery of placenta.

Cesarean section

Done for labor issues, baby problems, multiple pregnancies, placenta or cord issues.

APGAR test

Evaluates newborn's physical condition after birth.

Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal stages

Major milestones in prenatal development.

Conjoined twins, Substance abuse, Gestational diabetes, Maternal medication use

Issues in prenatal development.

Sensorimotor

Stage of intellectual development where babies learn through senses.

Object permanence

Understanding that objects exist even when not seen.

Depth perception

Ability to perceive distance.

Cooing

Light, happy sound made by babies around two months.

Breastfeeding, Formula-feeding

Pros and cons.

Diaper changing steps

Prepare, clean child, remove trash, replace diaper, wash hands, clean up.

SIDS risk factors, prevention

Alcohol use, premature birth, back sleeping, firm mattress, smoke-free environment.

Signs for starting solid foods

Control of head, sits alone, brings objects to mouth, shows interest in food.

Choking hazards

Uncut food, balloons, small toys, coins, etc.

Signs for potty training readiness

Dry for longer, follows directions, shows independence.

Symbolism

Children using objects to represent something else.

Egocentrism

Piaget's stage where children struggle to see others' perspectives.

Reading and early age

True, helps children read easier and faster.