Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the main functions of blood?

Transportation of nutrients, oxygen, waste removal, immune response, and regulation of body temperature.

What is blood made up of?

Blood consists of plasma and formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).

What are the formed elements of blood and their functions?

Red blood cells (transport oxygen), white blood cells (immune response), and platelets (clotting).

What is plasma and what is it made up of?

Plasma is the liquid component of blood, made up of water, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Who was Landsteiner and what is his significance in blood types?

Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system, leading to the identification of blood types.

What is blood type compatibility based on?

Blood type compatibility is based on the presence of specific antigens on red blood cells and corresponding antibodies in plasma.

What is Erythroblastosis fetalis?

A condition where an Rh-negative mother produces antibodies against Rh-positive fetal blood cells, leading to hemolytic disease.

What is anemia and what are its different types?

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin; types include Nutritional, Aplastic, Hemorrhagic, Pernicious, and Sickle Cell anemia.

What is Sickle Cell trait?

Sickle Cell trait indicates a person carries one sickle cell allele and one normal allele, often asymptomatic but can pass the trait to offspring.

What are White Blood Cells and their functions?

White blood cells are components of the immune system; they include granulocytes (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes (e.g., lymphocytes, monocytes).

What is the difference between Innate (non-specific) and Adaptive (specific) immunity?

Innate immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens without specific recognition, while adaptive immunity involves specific recognition and response to pathogens.

What is leukemia and its types?

Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming tissues; types include acute, chronic, lymphocytic, and myelogenous.

What is the Clotting Process (Hemostasis)?

Hemostasis is the process that prevents and stops bleeding, involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

What are Hemophilia Types A and B?

Hemophilia Type A is a deficiency of Factor VIII, while Type B is a deficiency of Factor IX, both affecting blood clotting.

What is a Hematocrit?

Hematocrit is the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells; it includes components like plasma, red blood cells, and the buffy coat.