Interwar Foreign Policy and WWII: Mobilization

Cash and Carry

sale of items to belligerents if paid in cash up front

Washington Naval Conference (1921)

Five-Power treaty with the U.S., Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy for a warship tonnage ratio of 5:5:3

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

International promise to avoid war as an option for international disputes

London Naval Conference (1930)

Expanded construction caps on naval auxillary ships

Dawes Plan (1924)

Resolved the issue over Germany’s reparation payments

Stimson Doctrine

United States will not recognize territories assumed by force and aggression

Clark Memorandum (1930)

Rejected Roosevelt Corollary as extension of Monroe Doctrine

Montevideo Convention (1933)

U.S. renounced the right to unilaterally intervene in the affairs of Central and South American nations

“Merchants of Death”

Munitions manufacturers and bankers pro-WWI to make a profit

America First Committee

Avoid possible entanglements with European affairs in WWII

Molotov-Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact (1939)

German-Soviet Non-Aggression

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Asia for Asians

Fascism

Far-right authoritarianism and totalitarianism

Weimar Republic

Suffered under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depression

Neutrality Act of 1935

Prohibited export of “arms, ammunition, and implements of war” to foreign nations at war

Neutrality Act of 1937

Americans forbidden to travel on belligerent ships

Neutrality Act of 1939

Cash and Carry expanded to include arms to belligerent nations

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Non-Aggression Pact (1939)

No fighting between Germany and USSR

Destroyers-for-Bases (1940)

Executive order to trade 50 cruisers and destroyers for 99-yearrent-free leases on British bases

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

Authorized free trade of American arms to nations “vital to the defense of the United States”: United Kingdom, Soviet Union, China

Selective Service Act of 1940

First ever peacetime conscription act that led to the draft of 21-35 year old men

Atlantic Charter (1941)

Promote and secure self-determination and free trade

Pearl Harbor

Japanese surprise attack on U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941

Operation Barborossa

German invasion of Soviet Union (1942)

Navajo Code Talkers

Code based on Navajo language completely oral and variations in syntax and tone

Braceros Program

Bi-lateral agreement between Mexico and United States contracting Mexican agricultural laborers

Zoot Suit Riots (June 1943)

Series of altercations between white military servicemen and Mexican-American youths in Los Angeles

Community Facilities Act of 1942

Made families, regardless of income, eligible for 6 days of childcare per week

Executive Order 8802

Desegregation of national defense industry

Double V Campaign

Slogan and movement to promote victory for democracy overseas (against fascism) and at home (segregation, discrimination)

Airmen (Red Tails)

First Black military aviators in armed forces

Executive Order 9066

Japanese internment camps

*Korematsu v. United States (1944)*

SCOTUS ruled EO9066 constitutional

442nd Combat Regiment

Composed of Nisei (second-generation Japanese-Americans)