JAPAN 202 Midterm

Honorific verb

Used to describe the actions of people other than yourself whom you don’t know very well or are higher up in the social hierarchy

いらっしゃる

Honorific form of いる

めしあがる

Honorific form of 食べる and 飲む

くださる

Honorific form of くれる

なさる

Honorific form of する

お休みになる

Honorific form of ねる

ごらんになる

Honorific form of 見る

おっしゃる

Honorific form of 言う

〜ていらっしゃる

Honorific form of 〜ている

お + verb stem + ください

The form used when the advice being given, or the action being encouraged to take, is for the benefit of the recipient

そして

‘and in addition’, to say something notable

それで

‘and therefore’, to introduce the consequence of what comes before it

それから

‘and then’, to add an item that comes later in time or in the order of importance

〜てくれてありがとう

The form used when you want to express gratitude to someone for a specific action

〜てくださってありがとうございました

Honorific form of 〜てくれてありがとう

〜ないで

The form used to express when action is being performed without doing something else

やすい・にくい

Suffixes added to a verb stem indicating something is easy or hard to do

方

A noun-forming suffix meaning 'the way in which an action is performed'

Extra-modest expressions

Used to modestly describe your own actions out of respect for the listener, particularly in formal contexts

おります

Extra-modest form of いる

いただきます

Extra-modest form of 食べる and 飲む

まいります

Extra-modest form of 行く and 来る

もうします

Extra-modest form of 言う

いたします

Extra-modest form of する

ございます

Extra-modest form of ある

〜ております

Extra-modest form of 〜ている

でございます

Extra-modest form of です

Humble expression

Used to describe your actions done out of respect for someone when they appear in the event you’re describing

いただく

Humble form of もらう

さしあげる

Humble form of あげる

うかがう

The humble action of asking or visiting

という

Used to talk about a person or thing that goes by a certain name

〜かどうか

Used to answer yes/no questions with larger sentences when there isn’t a specific question word

〜か

Used to answer open-ended questions with larger sentences when there is a specific question word