buddhism test 1 & 2 MC

buddha

the awakened one. born 6th century BCE

brian houghton hodgson

spent a lot of time studying sanskrit buddhism, but ignored what actua buddhist ppl were telling him abt their religion

T.W. Rhys-David

founded pali buddhism text society. tried to say that european ppl would have a ‘racial affinity’ towards buddhism

samsara

endless cycle of rebirth

nirvana

extinction. like extinguishing a flame

bhavacakra

the wheel of existence. gods, asuras, animals, hells, ghosts, humans

3 klesas

anger, desire, ignorance

2 types of karma

kusala (wholesome, skilful) & akusala

3 marks of existence

Anitya: impermanence

Duhkka: suffering

Anatman: no-self

3 types of duhka

duhka-duhka: suffering of suffering

Viparinama-duhka: suffering due to change

Samskara-duhka: suffering as formations

4 noble truths (arya satya)

dhukha: suffering

samudaya: origin of suffering

nirodha: end of suffering

marga: path which leads to the end of suffering

5 aggregates (skandha)

rupa: material form

Vedana: feelings & sensations

Samjna: perceptions

Samskara: mental formations

Vijnana: discriminative consciousness

dharmacakra

symbol representing the eight fold path (eight spoked wheel)

the noble eightfold path

right view

right intention

right speech

right action

right livelihood

right effort

right mindfulness

right meditation

3 sections of the nobe eightfold path

prajna: wisdom (1-2)

sila: morality (3-5)

Samadhi: meditation (6-8)

dharma

the buddha’s teachings

stupa

heap/pile/mound supposed to be shaped like a seated buddha

refuge

making a commitment to the 3 jewels: the buddha, the dharma, and the sangha

the four sights

old age, sickness, death, renunciation/practic

bhumisparsa

hand gesture where the rigth hand touches the ground to invoke the earth as witness to the buddha’s enlightenment & victory over Mara

12 links of origination on the bhavacakra

ignorance, compositional factors, consciousness, name&form, six sense spheres, contact, feelings, craving, grasping, becoming, birth, old age & death.