BACTER PART I

Bacillus species belongs to the Family?

Bacillaceae

These are gram positive large spore-forming bacilli

Bacillus species

Spores of Bacillus are produced how?

aerobically and anaerobically

What media are used to induce production of spores?

Triple Sugar Iron, Urea agar, Nutrient agar + 5mg/L MgSO4

What type of flagella does Bacillus species have?

Peritrichous flagella

Bacillus species that are non-motile and non-hemolytic

Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus mycoides

Bacillus species requires ______ for growth

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

What are the 2 medically important bacillus species

Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus

Bacillus anthracis is the most significant species because it can be used as a?

Bioterrorism agent

Common name of Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax bacillus

Bacillus anthracis is a bacteria that can cause?

Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis is acquired from?

Contaminated animal hides, wools, and meat

Bacillus anthracis is capsulated, what is their capsule made of?

Polypeptide-d-glutamic acid

Selective media of Bacillus anthracis

Polymyxin Lysozyme, EDTA Thallous Acetate (PLET) Media

Serologic test for Bacillus anthracis?

Ascoli Test or Ascoli Thermo Precipitation test

A serologic test to detect the presence of Bacillus anthracis in tissue sample (human/animal)

Ascoli test or Ascoli Thermo Precipitation Test

Reagent for Ascoli Test

Rabbit antiserum

Special staining used in Bacillus anthracis

M’Fadyean stain

M’fadyean is a ______ which is used as a ______ for B. anthracis

Polychrome methylene blue; capsular stain

Anthrax toxin of B. anthracis

Edema toxin and Lethal toxin

Common protein in Bacillus anthracis

Protective antigen

Protective antigen is present in?

Edema and lethal toxin

ANTHRAX IS A WHAT TYPE OF INFECTION?

ZOONOTIC INFECTION

THIS TYPE OF ANTHRAX IS THE LEAST SEVERE BUT THE MOST COMMON FORM OF ANTHRAX

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX

____ OF THE CASES OF ANTHRAX IS CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX

99%

CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX SHOWS A SMALL LESION THAT DEVELOPS A?

BLACK NECROTIC CENTRAL AREA

LESIONS WITH BLACK NECROTIC CENTRAL IS CALLED?

ESCHAR/BLACK ESCHAR/MALIGNANT PUSTULE

MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX

EXPOSURE OF OPEN WOUNDS WITH ANTHRAX SPORES

PULMONARY ANTHRAX IS ALSO KNOWN AS?

INHALATION ANTHRAX, WOOL SORTERS, RAG PICKERS ANTHRAX

THIS TYPE OF ANTHRAX ARE COMMON AMONG WORKERS HANDLING ANIMAL HIDES OR HAIR

PULMONARY ANTHRAX

THIS IS THE MOST SEVERE FORM OF ANTHRAX AND THE WEAPONIZED FORM OF ANTHRAX

PULMONARY ANTHRAX

MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF PULMONARY ANTHRAX

INHALATION OF SPORES

THIS IS THE LEAST COMMON PATHOLOGY OF ANTHRAX

GASTROINTESTINAL OR INGESTION ANTHRAX

GASTROINTESTINAL ANTHRAX IS A RESULT OF?

INGESTION OF ENDOSPORES

MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF INGESTION ANTHRAX

INGESTION OF IMPROPERLY COOKED INFECTED MEAT

WHAT IS THE FOURTH FORM OF PATHOLOGY OF ANTHRAX?

INJECTIONAL/INJECTION ANTHRAX

WHAT MEDIA IS USED FOR BACILLUS ANTHRACIS?

BLOOD AGAR PLATE

COLONY CHARACTERISTICS OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS SHOWS WHAT APPEARANCE?

MEDUSA HEAD, LION HEAD, COMET TAIL APPEARANCE

WHEN BACILLUS ANTHRACIS ARE OBSERVED AGAINST LIGHT, THE COLONY CHARACTERISTICS SHOWS WHAT APPEARANCE?

GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE

COLONIES OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS HAS A WHAT TYPE OF CONSISTENCY?

BEATEN EGG WHITE CONSISTENCY (TENACIOUS)

MEDIA WITH PENICILLIN FOR BACILLUS ANTHRACIS SHOWS WHAT APPEARANCE?

STRING OF PEARLS

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS IS ______ WITH PENICILLIN

SUSCEPTIBLE

IN A TUBED MEDIA GELATIN MEDIA IN BACILLUS ANTHRACIS, IT SHOWS WHAT APPEARANCE?

INVERTED FIR TREE/INVERTED PINE TREE

THESE ARE GRAM POSITIVE SINGLY, OR IN CHAIN

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

WHEN IN CHAIN, WHAT ARE THEIR APPEARANCE?

BAMBOO ROD, BAMBOO FISHING ROD, DISJOINTED BAMBOO FISHING ROD

THE CENTRAL SPORE OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS ARE SOMETIMES CALLED?

EMPTY SPACE

BACILLUS CEREUS IS ALSO KNOWN AS?

FRIED RICE BACILLUS

WHICH BACILLUS IS A NORMAL STOOL FLORA?

BACILLUS CEREUS

WARM TEMPERATURE PROMOTES?

GERMINATION AND SPORULATION

IN WHAT TEMPERATURE IS FRIED RICE BACILLUS GROWTH RAPID?

45 DEGREE CELSIUS

WHAT ARE THE 2 FORMS OF FOOD POISONING IN BACILLUS CEREUS

EMETIC FORM AND DIARRHEAL FORM

INGESTION OF FOOD CONTAMINATED WITH ENTEROTOXIN RESULTING TO HEADACHE, NAUSEA, VOMITING

EMETIC FORM

INGESTION OF FOOD CONTAMINATED WITH ENTEROTOXIN RESULTING TO WATERY DIARRHEA

DIARRHEAL FORM

THE DIARRHEA CAUSED BY BACILLUS CEREUS IS INDISTINGUISHABLE WITH THE DIARRHEA CAUSED BY?

CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS

VIRULENCE FACTOR OF BACILLUS CEREUS?

ENTEROTOXIN

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF EMETIC ENTEROTOXIN

<5000

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF DIARRHEAL ENTEROTOXIN

=50,000 DALTONS

FRIED RICE BACILLUS IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH EYE INFECTION WHICH IS CALLED?

SEVERE KERATITIS OR ENDOPHTHALMITIS

WHICH BACTERIA HAS A COLONY OF LARGE, FEATHERY, BETA-HEMOLYTIC

BACILLUS CEREUS

WHAT APPEARANCE OF COLONIES DOES B. CEREUS HAVE?

FROSTED GLASS APPEARANCE

WHAT ARE THE THREE MEDIA THAT IS DEVELOPED TO ISOLATE BACILLUS CEREUS

MANNITOL EGG YOLK POLYMYXIN-B AGAR, POLYMYXIN-B EGG YOLK MANNITOL BROMTHYMOL BLUE AGAR, BACILLUS CEREUS MEDIA

WHICH FORM OF FOOD POISONING IS HEAT STABLE?

EMETIC ENTEROTOXIN

WHICH FORM OF FOOD POISONING IS HEAT LABILE?

DIARRHEAL ENTEROTOXIN

BACILLUS SUBTILIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS?

HAY BACILLUS

THIS IS MOST COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED LABORATORY CONTAMINANT

BACILLUS SUBTILIS

BACILLUS SUBTILIS IS ALSO USED AS A ______ FOR SOME _______ METHODS

BIOLOGIC INDICATOR; STERILIZATION

WHAT TYPE OF PATHOGEN IS BACILLUS SUBTILIS?

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN

HOW MUCH SALT CONCENTRATION SHOULD WE HAVE IF WE WANT TO SEE THE GROWTH OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS?

7% NACL

BACILLUS SUBTILIS IS THE SOURCE OF?

BACITRACIN

BLOOD BAGS CAN BE CONTAMINATED WITH BACILLUS SUBTILIS IF?

STORED IN ROOM TEMPERATURE

B. SUBTILIS VAR. NIGER IS AN INDICATOR OF?

DRY AIR OVEN

B. SUBTILIS VAR. GLOBIJII IS AN INDICATOR OF?

COLD STERILIZATION ETHYLENE OXIDE

COLONY CHARACTERISTICS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS

ALPHA/BETA HEMOLYTIC WITH GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE

BIOCHEMICAL TESTS OF HAY BACILLUS

MANNITOL AND XYLOSE FERMENTERS

B. stearrothermophilus is a biologic indicator of?

Autoclave

What causes Flat Sour Spoilage

Bacillus Stearrothermophilus

Bacillus pumilus is a biological indicator of?

Ionizing radiation

What type of pathogen is B. thuringiensis?

Insect pathogen

Bacillus thuringiensis can cause _____, ______, _____

Food poisoning, ocular, wound infection

Bacillus thuringiensis produces ________ and is used as _______

Parasporal crystals; pesticides

What clostridium specie is gram-negative and non spore former

Clostridium ramosum

Which of the clostridium species have spore but is not swollen

Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium bifermentans

Which Clostridium specie has a double zone of hemolysis or target zone of hemolysis?

Clostridium perfringens

Which of the Clostridium species are non-motile?

Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium innocuum

Which Clostridium species are non glucose fermenters

Clostridium tetani and Clostridium histolyticum

WHich of the Clostridium species are lactose fermenters?

Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum

Clostridium species are generally indole negative except for?

Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium sordellii

Clostridium perfringens is also known as

Clostridium welchii, Frankel’s bacillus, Gas gangrene bacillus

C. perfringens is an agent of?

Myonecrosis

These are box car shaped bacilli with subterminal spores

Clostridium perfringens

Myonecrosis is also known as?

Type III necrotizing fasciitis or gas gangrene

Myonecrosis is caused by what toxin?

Alpha toxin

Clotridial type C food poisoning is caused by ingestion of?

Beta toxin

CLostridium tetani are ________ as they do not utilize carbohydrates

Asaccharolytic

Which bacteria has a colony of matte surface with narrow zone of beta hemolysis

Clostridium tetani

Virulence factor of C. tetani

Exotoxins

This is caused by beta-hemolysis in BAP

Tetanolysin

This is associated with tetanus

Tetanospasmin

Muscle rigidity and difficulty of swallong is due to?

Tetanus

Tetanus is caused by ______ which binds to ganglioside receptors and inhibit neurons in the CNS causing spastic paralysis

Tetanospasmins