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Bacillus species belongs to the Family?
Bacillaceae
These are gram positive large spore-forming bacilli
Bacillus species
Spores of Bacillus are produced how?
aerobically and anaerobically
What media are used to induce production of spores?
Triple Sugar Iron, Urea agar, Nutrient agar + 5mg/L MgSO4
What type of flagella does Bacillus species have?
Peritrichous flagella
Bacillus species that are non-motile and non-hemolytic
Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus mycoides
Bacillus species requires ______ for growth
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
What are the 2 medically important bacillus species
Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus
Bacillus anthracis is the most significant species because it can be used as a?
Bioterrorism agent
Common name of Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax bacillus
Bacillus anthracis is a bacteria that can cause?
Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis is acquired from?
Contaminated animal hides, wools, and meat
Bacillus anthracis is capsulated, what is their capsule made of?
Polypeptide-d-glutamic acid
Selective media of Bacillus anthracis
Polymyxin Lysozyme, EDTA Thallous Acetate (PLET) Media
Serologic test for Bacillus anthracis?
Ascoli Test or Ascoli Thermo Precipitation test
A serologic test to detect the presence of Bacillus anthracis in tissue sample (human/animal)
Ascoli test or Ascoli Thermo Precipitation Test
Reagent for Ascoli Test
Rabbit antiserum
Special staining used in Bacillus anthracis
M’Fadyean stain
M’fadyean is a ______ which is used as a ______ for B. anthracis
Polychrome methylene blue; capsular stain
Anthrax toxin of B. anthracis
Edema toxin and Lethal toxin
Common protein in Bacillus anthracis
Protective antigen
Protective antigen is present in?
Edema and lethal toxin
ANTHRAX IS A WHAT TYPE OF INFECTION?
ZOONOTIC INFECTION
THIS TYPE OF ANTHRAX IS THE LEAST SEVERE BUT THE MOST COMMON FORM OF ANTHRAX
CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX
____ OF THE CASES OF ANTHRAX IS CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX
99%
CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX SHOWS A SMALL LESION THAT DEVELOPS A?
BLACK NECROTIC CENTRAL AREA
LESIONS WITH BLACK NECROTIC CENTRAL IS CALLED?
ESCHAR/BLACK ESCHAR/MALIGNANT PUSTULE
MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX
EXPOSURE OF OPEN WOUNDS WITH ANTHRAX SPORES
PULMONARY ANTHRAX IS ALSO KNOWN AS?
INHALATION ANTHRAX, WOOL SORTERS, RAG PICKERS ANTHRAX
THIS TYPE OF ANTHRAX ARE COMMON AMONG WORKERS HANDLING ANIMAL HIDES OR HAIR
PULMONARY ANTHRAX
THIS IS THE MOST SEVERE FORM OF ANTHRAX AND THE WEAPONIZED FORM OF ANTHRAX
PULMONARY ANTHRAX
MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF PULMONARY ANTHRAX
INHALATION OF SPORES
THIS IS THE LEAST COMMON PATHOLOGY OF ANTHRAX
GASTROINTESTINAL OR INGESTION ANTHRAX
GASTROINTESTINAL ANTHRAX IS A RESULT OF?
INGESTION OF ENDOSPORES
MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF INGESTION ANTHRAX
INGESTION OF IMPROPERLY COOKED INFECTED MEAT
WHAT IS THE FOURTH FORM OF PATHOLOGY OF ANTHRAX?
INJECTIONAL/INJECTION ANTHRAX
WHAT MEDIA IS USED FOR BACILLUS ANTHRACIS?
BLOOD AGAR PLATE
COLONY CHARACTERISTICS OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS SHOWS WHAT APPEARANCE?
MEDUSA HEAD, LION HEAD, COMET TAIL APPEARANCE
WHEN BACILLUS ANTHRACIS ARE OBSERVED AGAINST LIGHT, THE COLONY CHARACTERISTICS SHOWS WHAT APPEARANCE?
GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE
COLONIES OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS HAS A WHAT TYPE OF CONSISTENCY?
BEATEN EGG WHITE CONSISTENCY (TENACIOUS)
MEDIA WITH PENICILLIN FOR BACILLUS ANTHRACIS SHOWS WHAT APPEARANCE?
STRING OF PEARLS
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS IS ______ WITH PENICILLIN
SUSCEPTIBLE
IN A TUBED MEDIA GELATIN MEDIA IN BACILLUS ANTHRACIS, IT SHOWS WHAT APPEARANCE?
INVERTED FIR TREE/INVERTED PINE TREE
THESE ARE GRAM POSITIVE SINGLY, OR IN CHAIN
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
WHEN IN CHAIN, WHAT ARE THEIR APPEARANCE?
BAMBOO ROD, BAMBOO FISHING ROD, DISJOINTED BAMBOO FISHING ROD
THE CENTRAL SPORE OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS ARE SOMETIMES CALLED?
EMPTY SPACE
BACILLUS CEREUS IS ALSO KNOWN AS?
FRIED RICE BACILLUS
WHICH BACILLUS IS A NORMAL STOOL FLORA?
BACILLUS CEREUS
WARM TEMPERATURE PROMOTES?
GERMINATION AND SPORULATION
IN WHAT TEMPERATURE IS FRIED RICE BACILLUS GROWTH RAPID?
45 DEGREE CELSIUS
WHAT ARE THE 2 FORMS OF FOOD POISONING IN BACILLUS CEREUS
EMETIC FORM AND DIARRHEAL FORM
INGESTION OF FOOD CONTAMINATED WITH ENTEROTOXIN RESULTING TO HEADACHE, NAUSEA, VOMITING
EMETIC FORM
INGESTION OF FOOD CONTAMINATED WITH ENTEROTOXIN RESULTING TO WATERY DIARRHEA
DIARRHEAL FORM
THE DIARRHEA CAUSED BY BACILLUS CEREUS IS INDISTINGUISHABLE WITH THE DIARRHEA CAUSED BY?
CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
VIRULENCE FACTOR OF BACILLUS CEREUS?
ENTEROTOXIN
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF EMETIC ENTEROTOXIN
<5000
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF DIARRHEAL ENTEROTOXIN
=50,000 DALTONS
FRIED RICE BACILLUS IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH EYE INFECTION WHICH IS CALLED?
SEVERE KERATITIS OR ENDOPHTHALMITIS
WHICH BACTERIA HAS A COLONY OF LARGE, FEATHERY, BETA-HEMOLYTIC
BACILLUS CEREUS
WHAT APPEARANCE OF COLONIES DOES B. CEREUS HAVE?
FROSTED GLASS APPEARANCE
WHAT ARE THE THREE MEDIA THAT IS DEVELOPED TO ISOLATE BACILLUS CEREUS
MANNITOL EGG YOLK POLYMYXIN-B AGAR, POLYMYXIN-B EGG YOLK MANNITOL BROMTHYMOL BLUE AGAR, BACILLUS CEREUS MEDIA
WHICH FORM OF FOOD POISONING IS HEAT STABLE?
EMETIC ENTEROTOXIN
WHICH FORM OF FOOD POISONING IS HEAT LABILE?
DIARRHEAL ENTEROTOXIN
BACILLUS SUBTILIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS?
HAY BACILLUS
THIS IS MOST COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED LABORATORY CONTAMINANT
BACILLUS SUBTILIS
BACILLUS SUBTILIS IS ALSO USED AS A ______ FOR SOME _______ METHODS
BIOLOGIC INDICATOR; STERILIZATION
WHAT TYPE OF PATHOGEN IS BACILLUS SUBTILIS?
OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN
HOW MUCH SALT CONCENTRATION SHOULD WE HAVE IF WE WANT TO SEE THE GROWTH OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS?
7% NACL
BACILLUS SUBTILIS IS THE SOURCE OF?
BACITRACIN
BLOOD BAGS CAN BE CONTAMINATED WITH BACILLUS SUBTILIS IF?
STORED IN ROOM TEMPERATURE
B. SUBTILIS VAR. NIGER IS AN INDICATOR OF?
DRY AIR OVEN
B. SUBTILIS VAR. GLOBIJII IS AN INDICATOR OF?
COLD STERILIZATION ETHYLENE OXIDE
COLONY CHARACTERISTICS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS
ALPHA/BETA HEMOLYTIC WITH GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE
BIOCHEMICAL TESTS OF HAY BACILLUS
MANNITOL AND XYLOSE FERMENTERS
B. stearrothermophilus is a biologic indicator of?
Autoclave
What causes Flat Sour Spoilage
Bacillus Stearrothermophilus
Bacillus pumilus is a biological indicator of?
Ionizing radiation
What type of pathogen is B. thuringiensis?
Insect pathogen
Bacillus thuringiensis can cause _____, ______, _____
Food poisoning, ocular, wound infection
Bacillus thuringiensis produces ________ and is used as _______
Parasporal crystals; pesticides
What clostridium specie is gram-negative and non spore former
Clostridium ramosum
Which of the clostridium species have spore but is not swollen
Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium bifermentans
Which Clostridium specie has a double zone of hemolysis or target zone of hemolysis?
Clostridium perfringens
Which of the Clostridium species are non-motile?
Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium innocuum
Which Clostridium species are non glucose fermenters
Clostridium tetani and Clostridium histolyticum
WHich of the Clostridium species are lactose fermenters?
Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum
Clostridium species are generally indole negative except for?
Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium sordellii
Clostridium perfringens is also known as
Clostridium welchii, Frankel’s bacillus, Gas gangrene bacillus
C. perfringens is an agent of?
Myonecrosis
These are box car shaped bacilli with subterminal spores
Clostridium perfringens
Myonecrosis is also known as?
Type III necrotizing fasciitis or gas gangrene
Myonecrosis is caused by what toxin?
Alpha toxin
Clotridial type C food poisoning is caused by ingestion of?
Beta toxin
CLostridium tetani are ________ as they do not utilize carbohydrates
Asaccharolytic
Which bacteria has a colony of matte surface with narrow zone of beta hemolysis
Clostridium tetani
Virulence factor of C. tetani
Exotoxins
This is caused by beta-hemolysis in BAP
Tetanolysin
This is associated with tetanus
Tetanospasmin
Muscle rigidity and difficulty of swallong is due to?
Tetanus
Tetanus is caused by ______ which binds to ganglioside receptors and inhibit neurons in the CNS causing spastic paralysis
Tetanospasmins
Note 
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