RACI: ICQ - Things 2 Know(t)

What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom, and what are their charges?

Protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative).

Where is the majority of an atom's mass located?

Inside the nucleus, which contains the protons and neutrons.

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

How do you calculate the mass number of an atom?

Mass Number = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons.

What did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment prove about the structure of an atom?

Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus at the centre.

What do elements in the same vertical 'Group' on the Periodic Table share?

Similar chemical properties and the same number of valence (outer shell) electrons.

What does the horizontal 'Period' number of an element indicate?

The number of electron shells (energy levels) the atom possesses.

Where are metals and non-metals located on the Periodic Table?

Metals are on the left and centre; non-metals are on the far right.

What is a key trend in reactivity for Group 1 (Alkali Metals)?

Reactivity increases as you move down the group.

Why are Group 18 elements (Noble Gases) chemically unreactive?

They have a full outer shell of electrons, making them stable.

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass in a chemical reaction?

Mass cannot be created or destroyed; total mass of reactants equals total mass of products.

What is the difference between reactants and products?

Reactants are the starting substances (left side); products are the newly formed substances (right side).

In a balanced chemical equation, why can you change coefficients but never the subscripts?

Changing subscripts alters the actual chemical identity of the substance.

What are two common visible signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?

Temperature change, gas production (bubbling), permanent colour change, or precipitate.

What are the raw materials (reactants) required for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and sunlight energy.

What is the chemical word equation for cellular respiration?

Glucose + Oxygen ➔ Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP).

What is combustion and what key reactant must always be present?

An exothermic reaction where a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen gas (O2) to release heat and light.

How are respiration and photosynthesis chemically related?

They are opposites; the products of photosynthesis are the reactants for respiration.

What ion is responsible for making a solution acidic?

Hydrogen ions (H+).

What is the pH range for an alkaline (basic) solution?

pH values greater than 7 (up to 14).

What are two everyday household examples of bases?

Soap, bleach, baking soda, and oven cleaner.

What are the standard products formed when an acid reacts with a base (neutralisation)?

A salt and water.

What colour does a universal indicator turn in a strongly acidic solution (pH 1-2)?

Dark red.