RACI: ICQ - Things 2 Know(t)

Front: What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom, and what are their charges?

Back: Protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative).

Front: Where is the majority of an atom's mass located?
Back: Inside the nucleus, which contains the protons and neutrons.

Front: What is an isotope?
Back: Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Front: How do you calculate the mass number of an atom?
Back: Mass Number = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons.

Front: What did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment prove about the structure of an atom?
Back: Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus at the centre.

Front: What do elements in the same vertical "Group" on the Periodic Table share?
Back: Similar chemical properties and the same number of valence (outer shell) electrons.

Front: What does the horizontal "Period" number of an element indicate?
Back: The number of electron shells (energy levels) the atom possesses.

Front: Where are metals and non-metals located on the Periodic Table?
Back: Metals are on the left and centre; non-metals are on the far right.

Front: What is a key trend in reactivity for Group 1 (Alkali Metals)?
Back: Reactivity increases as you move down the group.

Front: Why are Group 18 elements (Noble Gases) chemically unreactive?
Back: They have a full outer shell of electrons, making them stable.

Front: What is the Law of Conservation of Mass in a chemical reaction?
Back: Mass cannot be created or destroyed; total mass of reactants equals total mass of products.

Front: What is the difference between reactants and products?
Back: Reactants are the starting substances (left side); products are the newly formed substances (right side).

Front: In a balanced chemical equation, why can you change coefficients but never the subscripts?
Back: Changing subscripts alters the actual chemical identity of the substance.

Front: What are two common visible signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?
Back: Temperature change, gas production (bubbling), permanent colour change, or precipitate

Front: What are the raw materials (reactants) required for photosynthesis?

Back: Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and sunlight energy.

Front: What is the chemical word equation for cellular respiration?
Back: Glucose + Oxygen ➔ Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP).

Front: What is combustion and what key reactant must always be present?
Back: An exothermic reaction where a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen gas ($O_2$) to release heat and light.

Front: How are respiration and photosynthesis chemically related?
Back: They are opposites; the products of photosynthesis are the reactants for respiration.

Front: What ion is responsible for making a solution acidic?
Back: Hydrogen ions (H+).

Front: What is the pH range for an alkaline (basic) solution?
Back: pH values greater than 7 (up to 14).

Front: What are two everyday household examples of bases?
Back: Soap, bleach, baking soda, and oven cleaner.

Front: What are the standard products formed when an acid reacts with a base (neutralisation)?
Back: A salt and water.

Front: What colour does a universal indicator turn in a strongly acidic solution (pH 1-2)?
Back: Dark red.