Topic 15: Age of Imperialism

Imperialism

The policy of ones country’s political, economic, or cultural domination over other lands and territories

How did the industrial revolution cause nations to desire an overseas empire? 

* Manufacturers wanted access to natural resources such as rubber, petroleum, manganese for steel, and palm oil for machinery.


* They also wanted to expand their global market by increasing the number of consumers to whom they could sell their manufactured goods.

Who is Shaka Zulu?

* ruthless and brilliant leader that helped southern Africa emerge as a major force.

\
* Groups driven from their homelands adopted Shaka’s tactics

What happened between Dr. David Livingstone and Henry Stanley?

* A Journalist went into Central Africa to find a British doctor/missionary that has not been heard from for years

\
* Journalist tracked down doctor in Tanzania

\
* “Dr. _________, I presume”

What was the controversy with the new borders European imperialists gave Africa?

yolo

What economical factor led to the Boer War?

* many Boers resented British laws that abolish slavery and interference with their life.

\
* loaded their goods into covered wagons and head north, away from British rule

\
* interaction with Zulus led to fighting

\
* Boers won Zulus land. Maintaining control was a challenge

Who is David Livingstone?

* A British doctor/missionary is famous for spending 30 years in Africa writing about the many people he met with less biased ideals than most Europeans did.

\
* He also believed that the only way to end the cruel traffic was to open up the interior of Africa to Christianity and trade

Who is Menelik II? What did he do?

* Modernized Africa by hiring European experts to make modern roads, bridges, and set up western school systems.


* As well as, imported the latest weapons and had European officers help train his army

What was discussed in the Berlin Conference?

an international conference held in Berlin, Germany in order to avoid war between European power in their scramble for Africa. At the Berlin Conference, European officials acknowledged Leopold’s private claims of the Congo Free State but called for free trade on the Congo and Niger rivers. Africans were excluded from this conference. 

What happened in the Armenian Genocide?

As Turkish nationalism grew stronger, tension grew between Ottoman rulers and minorities living in the Ottoman empire. The tension led to the genocide and the establishment of repressive policies againist the Amenians. For the next 25 years, millions of Armenians were either killed by the Turks or died due to starvation or disease.

Who is Muhammad Ali?

* The founder of modern Egypt

\
* introduced a number of political and economic reforms

\
* set out to rebuild Egypt along modern lines

\
* ordered Egyptian farmers to plant a new kind of cotton, to be sold as a cash crop

\
* Ali brought Egypt into the growing network of world trade

\
* brought western military experts to Egypt to help him build a well trained, modern army

\
* promoted education and the study of medicine

How did the East India Company affect India’s peace and banditry?

Their goal to make money led to them working to improve roads, preserve peace and reduce banditry

Why did the British prioritize Indian imperialism?

yolo

What was the Sepoy Rebellion

* Sepoy’s (Indian soldiers) rose up against the British officers and their mistreatment towards them

\
* the rebellion spread across northern and central India and called on both Hindus and Muslims to support the uprising

\
* Sepoy’s brutally murdered British men, women and children

\
* The British crushed the revolt and took revenge by torching villages and killing thousand of unarmed Indians

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

* Chinese peasants formed a secret society, the righteous harmonious fists.

\
* The goal was to drive out the “foreign devils” who were polluting the land with their non-Chinese ways, strange buildings, and telegraph lines

\
* westerners called them boxers

\
* boxers attacked and killed foreigners across china

\
* Western and Japan joined forces and defeated the Boxers

\
* Empress Ci Xi supported the Boxers before their attack

What was the Opium War? What was the result of it?

* The British traded opium (addictive drug) with China in exchange for Chinese tea

\
* Chinese became addicted to the drug and created a disturbance in their economy

\
* China called in Britain to stop the trade but they refused

\
* Chinese warships clashed with British fireworks triggered the Opium War

\
* China’s outdated fighting methods and weapons made the vulnerable and they were easily defeated

What is Meiji’s Real name?

Mutsuhito

What did they do in the Meiji Reformation?

replaced the rigid feudal order with a new political and social system. And build a modern industrial economy

What land did Japan win control of in the Russo-Japanese War?

Korea and parts of Manchuria

What land did Japan win in the Sino-Japanese War?

Taiwan

When Japan modernized, how did their economy change, and how did their social/political structure change?

Political Changes:

* Western technology was used to strengthen the military and all men were required to serve in the military.


* samurai privileges were revoked


* Japanese business classes adopted western methods

\
Economy Changes:

* The government set up a modern banking system, built rail roads, improved ports and organized a telegraph and postal system


* industry boomed
* Shipyards, copper, coal mining and steel contributed to Japans industry success

\
Social Changes:

* new constitution ended legal distinctions between classes and allowed more people to contribute in building the nation
* government set up schools and a university
* hired westerns to teach modern technology to the new generation

How did Japan react to the unequal treaties that were forced onto them?

* The Japanese resented the terms of the treaty

\
* Daimyo and Samurai led a revolt that unseated the shogun and “restored” the emperor, Mutsuhito to power

What is “La Reforma”

* Benito Juarez way of bringing hope to the oppressed people of Mexico.

\
* Juarez ordered the Church to sell unused lands to peasants, brought mestizos into politics, and separated church and state.

Define Caudillos.

local strongmen, who assembled private armies to resist the central government.