Gastrointestinal System and Related Functions

Flashcards designed to help students review key vocabulary related to the gastrointestinal system and physiological processes.

Gastrin

A hormone produced by G cells in the stomach that stimulates the secretion of gastric acid.

Secretin

A hormone released by the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

An acid produced by parietal cells in the stomach that aids in digestion and creates an acidic environment.

Intrinsic factor

A protein secreted by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.

Peristalsis

The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Deglutition

The act of swallowing food.

Ghrelin

A hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates appetite and food intake.

Pernicious anemia

A type of anemia caused by the inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor.

Microvilli

Small projections on the surface of epithelial cells that increase surface area for absorption.

Apical surface

The upper surface of epithelial cells facing the lumen of a hollow organ.

Goblet cells

Cells in the epithelium that secrete mucus.

Vasoconstriction

The constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.

Endodontist

A dental specialist who manages the treatment of root canal issues.

Tonsils

Lymphatic tissues located in the oropharynx that help to fight infections.

Deciduous teeth

Temporary teeth in children that eventually fall out, also known as baby teeth.

Bolus

A rounded mass of food that is swallowed.

Lumen

The inside space of a tubular structure, such as the intestine.

Chyme

Partially digested food mixed with stomach secretions that moves from the stomach to the small intestine.