bio 2 test 1 ch 28

Where are protists found?

all over

how do protists exist?

unicellular, multicellular or form colonies

How do protists differ from prokaryotes?

Protists are eukaryotes. Unlike prokaryotes, they have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

why are protist the most diverse eukaryote?

their organelles do all their functions

what do protists consist of?

photo auto or mixotrophs

What are mixotrophs?

combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition

what is heterotrophic nutrition?

eating food from the environment

How do protists reproduce?

sexually and asexually

what is sexually?

combination of both genes

what is asexually?

reproduces by itself an identical copy

What is endosymbiosis?

when cells engulfs another eventually turning it into an organelle

what two things are developed in endosymbiosis?

the mitochondria and the plastids

what are plastids?

red or green algae organelles

what does the red and green algae resemble?

the DNA of cyanobacteria

what is secondary endosymbiosis?

when the red or green algae get engulfed a second time

what are the five supergroups of eukaryotes?

Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Unikonta

urace

what is an important part of the excavata?

it has a feeding grove that absorbs food and uses it when needed

what are the three types of excavatas?

diplo parablasids band eugenlozoans

dep

what do diplo and parablasids have in common?

have a modified mitochondrion which is their energy source

what is an example of a parablasid?

trachomas vaginitis- yeast infection

what is unique about Eugenlozoans?

have a crystal rod flagella

what is on the crystal rod?

euglenoids and kinetoplastids

what is unique about chromavioletas?

it has a secondary endosymbiosis, to make new cells

what is responsible for the secondary endosymbiosis?

red algae

what are the two groups of chromavioletas?

alveolate and stramonphiles

what is unique about alveolates?

have a sac called alveoli hiding beneath the plasma membrane

what are the three subgroups of alveolates?

dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates

dac

How do dinoflagellates reproduce?

both sexually and asexually

what is plasmodium?

example of alveolate that causes malaria

what is important about ciliate?

it has 2 vacuoles and 2 nuclei and a cilia for moving food

What is conjugation?

A process in which 2 organisms exchange genetic material

how do two paramecium combine?

prior to meiosis, there is a diploid and afterward becomes 4 daughter cells. conjugation then occurs and two sets of 4 are created on each side of the cell

what type of flagella does a stramenophile have?

a hairy and smooth one together

what are the four types of stramenopiles?

diatoms, gold algae, brown algae

how are rhizarians grouped?

by similar DNA type

what are the three types of rhizarians?

radiolarians, forams, cercozoans

forcer radio

what are unique about radiolarians?

they engulf microorganisms through phagocytosis

what do forams do?

symbiotic relationship with algae

what are cercozans?

include parasites and predators

what are the archeaplastida?

they are all the red and green algae and land plants

What is phycoerythrin?

the pigment that gives red algae its name

what are the two paraphyletic groups of green algae?

chrlorphytes- land plants

charophytes- live in water or snow

What are included in the unikonta?

protists that are closely related to animals and fungi

what are the five major groups of unikonta?

amoebezoans, choanfageletes, animals, fungi and nucealrids

nafac

what are included in the opisthokonts?

animals, fungi and nucealrids

fan

what is the shape of amebazoens?

lobe or tube shaped

what are examples of amebazoens?

slime, entamoeba, and gymnamebas

egs

what are oocytes?

types of mold or mildew

what is the role of oocytes?

decomposition or parasites

what is a hyphae?

a filament that controls nutrient intake

what happens in oocytes sexual reproduction?

meiosis makes a gonin, then fertilizes to make zygote

what happens in oocytes asexual reproduction?

goes from germ to hyphae to zoospore

what are symbiotic protists?

protists that benefit from their hosts

ex) dinoflagelees

what are photosynthetic protists?

producers of energy by getting it from the sun

what is important from protists' continued survival?

need to be in normal temp, otherwise will die out and be bad for humans Bec less oxygen

What is alternation of generations?

The change in generation between haploid and diploid form

what is a heteromorphic generation?

the gametes are structurally different

what is an isomorphic generation?

the gametes are structurally the same