Unit 3 Heimler Quiz

Gunpowder Empire

Large states that use firearms to control & expand

Examples of Gunpowder Empires

Russia, Ottoman Empire, Safavid & Mughal

Europe by the mid 1400s

Recovery after Black Death; 100 Years War is over; Gutenberg Press (increase in literacy)

Key feature of European monarchies by the 1500s

Centralization of power

Methods of consolidating power

Control over taxes; military; religion

Bureaucracy

Group of government officials who carries out the will of whoever is in power

Results of governments consolidating power

Middle class growing

Russia's expansion

Ivan the 4th expanded east; pushed out Mongols

China's expansion

Ming restore & expand Great Wall of China; Qing expand even further

Ottoman expansion

Lasted 600 years; 1453 took Constantinople; Suleiman the Great

Safavid expansion

Ismail conquers Persia; Shi'a Islam; Conflict with Sunni Ottomans

Mughal expansion

Babur founded the empire in N. (Northern) India; Akbar greatest leader

Root of Muslim empires

All Muslim empires were rooted in the end of Tamerlane

Fall of Islamic empires

Failure to modernize economy and military

What does 'legitimize and consolidate their power' mean?

'I'm in charge and here's how you know I'm in charge.'

How did European rulers consolidate their power?

Through the divine right of kings, exemplified by James I, the rise of absolutism in France under Louis XIV, and Justices of Peace in England who settled legal disputes.

What was the role of Devshirme in the Ottoman Empire?

It involved using people from conquered regions, particularly Christians, to serve in the empire, including the elite Janissaries.

How did the Ming Dynasty in East Asia consolidate power?

Through the civil service test.

What was the structure of feudal Japan during the Tokugawa Shogunate?

It was characterized by the roles of daimyo and samurai.

How did the Mughal Empire in India consolidate power?

Akbar, they utilized zamindars to collect taxes.

What are three ways rulers legitimize their power?

Through religion, art, and architecture.

How did Askia the Great of the Songhai Empire legitimize power?

By claiming Islam as his religion.

What architectural achievement is associated with Shah Jahan in India?

The Taj Mahal.

How did the Ottoman Empire use architecture to legitimize power?

By building mosques.

What significant palace did France build to legitimize royal power?

The Palace of Versailles.

In what way does architecture show a leader's power?

It visually represents and reinforces the authority of the leader.

What role did religion play in the expansion of empires?

Religion was key in expansion, serving as a unifying force or causing fractures within empires.

What was the role of the Catholic Church during the feudal era?

The Catholic Church provided cultural continuity during the feudal era.

How did the Church lose power?

Kings took power away from the Church.

What was significant about John Wycliffe's contributions?

John Wycliffe translated the Bible into the vernacular, challenging the Church's authority.

What were two forms of corruption within the Church?

Indulgences (paying for sins) and simony (sale of Church offices).

Who was Martin Luther and what were his beliefs?

Martin Luther was a German Monk who believed that faith alone saves and opposed Church abuses.

What invention helped spread Martin Luther's ideas?

The Printing Press.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

A split in the Church that spread with leaders like Calvin and Knox.

What was the Counter Reformation?

A response to Protestantism, including the Council of Trent which addressed some Church abuses.

How does the Ottoman/Safavid conflict illustrate the religious schism in Islam?

The Ottomans are Sunni and the Safavids are Shi'a, with each side denying the other's legitimacy, creating a deep religious problem that continues today.

What made Mughal leader Akbar special in this era?

Akbar was known for his religious tolerance and fairness to Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs.