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Language and Writing System

Arabic language and writing system influenced European and Asian vocabularies, with words like "alcohol" and "algebra" deriving from Arabic roots.

Philosophy

Islamic civilization contributed to the development of rationalism, secularism, and empiricism in ideas and actions.

Literature

Arabian classics like the "Book of Kings" and "One Thousand and One Nights" were translated into various languages.

Painting

Islamic painting style included "Arabesques," geometric patterns avoiding human and animal figures.

Architecture

Islamic architecture featured Greco-Roman domes, arches, colored bricks, and arabesques in mosque decorations.

Mathematics

Muslim scholars contributed to mathematics by introducing the concept of "0," Arabic numerals, geometry, trigonometry, algebra, and the decimal numeral system.

Alchemy and Chemistry

Islamic scholars advanced alchemy and chemistry through scientific methods, experiments, and analysis, influencing European development.

Medicine

Islamic scholars combined Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian medicine, establishing early hospitals and using opium and alcohol in surgery.