midterm- crju 2335

csi effect

impacts the jury

expectation of categorical proof of a crime through forensic science in direct response from societies’ perceived knowledge of scientific evidence and scientific capabilities learned by watching crime drama shows

circumstantial evidence

incriminate a person without offering conclusive proof

associative evidence

links a suspect with a crime

fingerprints, footprints, bloodstains, fibers

private eye

allure of the classical detective novels of early 20th century was introduction of this

private investigator

Pinkerton agency

rogue galleries (mugshots), organizational structure was adopted by FBI

Bertillon

anthropometry

personal identification system based on the idea that certain aspects of the human body remained the same after a person had reached full physical maturity

will west case

case that put Bertillon’s system to rest

caused us to begin looking at fingerprints

bow street runners

england’s first police force

henry fielding

appointed magistrate, created bow street runners

rand study

effectiveness of investigated work in agencies, how they are organized & managed

perf study

considered the roles played by detectives and patrol officers in robber and burglary investigations

minneapolis study

locard

french chemist, known for his principle, director of the first known crime lab

spiral

grid

used for outdoor crime scene searches

quadrant/zone

use for indoor searches

line

can be used for outdoor searches

preliminary investigation

early stage of crime scene processing, usually conducted by the first officer on the scene

neighborhood canvas

develops leads from this

early process of an investigation

door to door walk of the area to identify witnesses

follow up investigation

be built on what on has been learned in the preliminary investigation

double checking important information

corpus delicti

body of a crime, facts that show a crime has occurred

notes

chronological order, soon as you get the call

overall photographs

overall of the crime scene

medium range photos

closer to the subject of crime scene

overlapping, shows how the scene was (orientational), everything centered

close range with ABFO scale

focus on small segments

true

true or false

photos of crime scene need to show an accurate representation to be admissible in court

sketches

layout, relativity

complements the photographs

rough & final

true

true or false

no one has the same exact fingerprints

4th amendment

unreasonable search and seizure

5th amendment

self-incrimination

6th amendment

right to counsel, speedy trial, confrontation of accuser

probable cause

Set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a specificized person has committed a specified crime

omission

left out or excluded

admission

self-incriminating statement made by suspect that falls short of an acknowledgement of guilt

confession

direct acknowledgement by the suspect of his.her guilt in the commission of a specific crime or being an integral part of a specific crime

inculpatory

any kind of proof that directly links an individual to the commission of a crime

exculpatory

tending to excuse, justify, or absolve the alleged fault/guilt of a defendant

goal of interview

to find out information

goal of interrogation

to get a confession

physical is the catch all phase of any evidence that is real, associative connects the suspect to a crime

associative vs physical evidence

trace evidence unit

identifies and compares specific types of trace materials that could be transferred during the commission of a violent crime.

human hair, animal hair, textile fibers and fabric, ropes, and wood.

questioned documents unit

 examines and compares data appearing on paper and other evidentiary ​materials

handwriting, hand printing, typewriting, printing, erasures, alterations, and obliterations

forensic chemistry unit

general chem & toxicology

dna analysis unit

analyzes bodily fluids and bodily fluid stains recovered as evidence in violent crimes

identification and characterization of blood, semen, saliva, and other bodily fluids

ballistics unit

receives and examines evidence related to firearms, firearm components, ammunition, ammunition components, tools, and tool marks

internal ballistics

everything that happens within the firearm

external ballistics

everything that happens outside the firearm, trajectory

terminal ballistics

hits the target

latent prints unit

examiners analyze and compare latent prints with known prints of individuals in an effort to make identifications or exclusions