lying in data visualization

What is data visualization best understood as?

An interpretive skill that depends on evidence.

What are the three categories of visualization?

Wrong, Misleading, and Truthful.

What defines a 'Wrong' visualization?

Visuals that misstate evidence, violate clear design and data representation rules.

What defines a 'Misleading' visualization?

A visualization that follows design rules but manipulates the perception of data.

What defines a 'Truthful' visualization?

A visualization that accurately represents data while adhering to design rules.

What are some ways to lie with charts?

Exaggerate change in chart (exaggerate y-axis), Diminish change in chart (diminish y-axis, lengthen x-axis), Add data and a dual vertical axis.

What is a better way to show the relationship between two variables instead of using a dual vertical axis?

A scatter plot.

How can maps be used to lie?

By manipulating the color range between continuous range and step classification.

How can you understand the 'behind the scenes' of mapped data?

Create a histogram to understand data distribution.