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Sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into left and right portions
Mid-sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right parts
Coronal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Mid-coronal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior portions
Horizontal
transverse/axial plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Oblique plane
longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an angle or slant and not parallel to the other planes
What 2 parts is the thoracic cavity divided into?
Pleural cavity (lungs) and pericardial cavity (heart)
What are some structures found in the thoracic cavity?
pleural membrane, lungs, trachea, esophagus, heart, great vessels, pericardium
What 2 parts is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into?
abdominal portion and pelvic portion
What are some structures found in the abdominal cavity?
peritoneum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, stomach, intestines, kidneys, proximal ureters, major blood vessels
What are some structures found in the pelvic cavity?
rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs, distal ureters
What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
What quadrant(s) is/are the colon and small bowel located in?
all 4 quadrants
What quadrant(s) is/are the stomach and spleen located in?
LUQ
What quadrant(s) is/are the liver and gallbladder located in?
RUQ
What quadrant(s) is/are the kidneys located in?
RUQ & LUQ
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
use image to check answers
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the C1 vertebra?
the mastoid tip
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the C2/C3 vertebrae?
angle of mandible
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the C7/T1 vertebrae?
vertebral prominens
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the T2/T3 vertebrae?
jugular notch
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the T4/T5 vertebrae?
sternal angle
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the T7 vertebra?
inferior angle of scapula
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the T9/T10 vertebrae?
xyphoid process
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the L2/L3 vertebrae?
inferior rib margin
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the L4/L5 vertebrae?
iliac crest
What surface landmark(s) can help you find S1/S2?
Anterior superior iliac spine
What surface landmark(s) can help you find the pubic symphysis?
greater trochanter
What is body habitus?
variations in shape of human bodies that affects location of organs
What is a sthenic body habitus defined as?
average (about 50% of the population)
What is a hyposthenic body habitus defined as?
slightly below average (about 35% of the population)
What is an asthenic body habitus defined as?
thin, organs are low and near midline (about 10% of the population)
What is a hypersthenic body habitus defined as?
massive, organs are high and transverse (about 5% of the population)
Define caudad/caudal
parts away from the head of the body
Define cephalad/cephalic
parts toward the head of the body
Medial vs. Lateral
medial - toward the center/midline of the body
lateral - away from the center/midline of the body
Distal vs. Proximal
distal - parts farthest from the point of origin
proximal - parts nearer the point of origin
Superior vs. Inferior
superior - above
inferior - below
Anterior/Ventral vs. Posterior/Dorsal
anterior - front
dorsal - back
What are some ways you can combine directional terms?
superiolateral, inferiolateral, superiomedial, inferiomedial, anteriosuperior, posteriosuperior, anterioinferior, posterioinferior
Deep vs. Superficial
deep - within
superficial - toward the surface
Internal and External are used to describe ___
rotations (internal rotation or external rotation)
Peripheral vs. Central
peripheral - edge of organs
central - main/center part of organs
Visceral vs. Parietal coverings
visceral - covers the organs
parietal - lines the cavity
Ipsilateral vs. Contralateral
ipsilateral - on the same side
contralateral - on opposite sides of the body
Palmar vs. Plantar
palmar - palm
plantar - bottom of foot
Ventral vs. Dorsal
ventral - anterior (belly side)
dorsal - posterior (back side)
Abduct vs. Adduct
abduct - movement away from the central axis of the body
adduct - movement toward the central axis of the body
Extension vs. Flexion
extension - straightening a joint (increasing the joint angle)
flexion - bending a joint (decreasing the joint angle)
Evert vs. Invert
evert - outward turning of the foot at the ankle
invert - inward turning of the foot at the ankle
Pronate vs. Supinate
pronate - rotation of the forearm so palm is down
supinate - rotation of the forearm so palm is up
Rotate vs. Tilt
rotate - turning of body or body part around its axis (medially or laterally)
tilt - tipping or slanting a body part in relation to the long axis of the body
Describe anatomic position
upright, arms by sides with palms forward, head and feet directed ahead
Upright vs. Recumbent
upright - erect or marked by a vertical position (can be standing or sitting)
recumbent - lying down in any position
Supine vs. Prone
supine - lying on back (dorsal recumbent)
prone - lying on stomach (ventral recumbent)
Note 
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