Cognitive Psychology: Language

These flashcards cover key concepts from a lecture on cognitive psychology and language acquisition, aiding in understanding language learning, structure, and use.

What is operant conditioning in the context of education?

A method used by teachers to increase student motivation by reinforcing positive behaviors, such as completing homework on time.

What are the main learning outcomes in the study of language acquisition?

Understanding theories of language acquisition, bilingualism, and mental processes involved in language production and comprehension.

What is morphology in linguistics?

The study of the structure of words, including morphemes which are the smallest units of meaning.

What is phonology?

The study of the sound system of a language, focusing on phonemes which are the smallest units of sound that can distinguish meaning.

What is syntax?

The study of the rules and principles that govern the structure of sentences, determining how words are arranged to form meaningful sentences.

What does semantics study in the context of language?

The study of meaning in language, focusing on how words, phrases, and sentences convey meaning.

What is pragmatics in linguistics?

The study of how context influences the interpretation of language, particularly how language is used in communication.

What does the term 'Language Acquisition Device' (LAD) refer to?

An innate mechanism proposed by Chomsky that enables humans to acquire language.

What is critical period in language acquisition?

The sensitive time frame during which language learning occurs most easily, typically in early childhood.

What are the two stages of language acquisition mentioned?

One-word stage occurring around 12 months and the two-word stage, known as 'telegraphic speech', occurring around 18-24 months.

What defines bilingualism?

The ability to use two or more languages proficiently.

What is the difference between simultaneous and sequential bilingualism?

Simultaneous bilinguals learn two languages at the same time, while sequential bilinguals learn one language first and then the second later.

What is the process of language production?

The stages involved in planning and articulating speech, which include conceptualization, formulation, and articulation.

What is language comprehension?

The process of decoding and interpreting language input, whether spoken or written.

What are garden-path sentences?

Sentences that lead to a misleading interpretation initially, requiring reanalysis for correct understanding.

How are language production and comprehension related?

Both involve similar cognitive systems, rely on knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, and are closely linked; good comprehension often correlates with good production.