Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes.

Sessile

Attached to one spot, Non-mobile

Cnidocytes

Stinging cells that hold nematocysts

Function of the basal disk

To stick Cnidarians to surfaces

How corals live together as reefs

They build on previous Generations

How Jellyfish feed themselves

By catching and holding food with stinging cells on tentacles and dragging it into their mouth

Polyp vs. Medusa

polyp - tube shaped sessile; medusa-free floating umbrelia Shaped Stage

Sexual reproduction in Cnidarians

Sperm and egg released into water (external fertilization)

Asexual reproduction in Cnidarians

Budding occurs off of polyps to produce medusas

Nematocyst vs. Cnidocyte

Nematocyst - harpoon Like stinger; Cnidocyte cell that holds nematocyst

Life cycle of a true Jellyfish

medusa releases sperm and egg, Sperm and egg form zygote then planulae Larva, Larva becomes polyp, polyp bands into Medusa

Body plans of cnidarians and porifera

Porifera asymetrical; Cnidaria = radial symetry

How a sponge circulates water

Choanocytes use flagellum to pull water through pores

How sponges defend themselves

Spicules or epitheleal cells (hemical or physical defense)

How sponges ingest food

Absorb it through cells

Why is a Man-of-War not a Jellyfish?

Not a true medusa, also a colony of hydrazoa, Not single organisms

Six major parts of a sponge

Osculum - large central opening; Ostia - pore cells that cover the body; Epithelial cells - thin flat outer covering; Collar cells (Choanocytes) - flagellum covered cells that draw water through; Amoebocytes - between cells carry nutrients; Spicules - Support system of havi Silica or Pakium

Sexual reproduction in a sponge

Sponges release sperm into the water and allow it to drift to other sponges to fertilize egg.

Characteristics of a sponge

Multicellular, Sessile, Eukaryote, filter feeder, Heterotrophic, Aquatic

Endoparasite vs. Ectoparasite

endo- inner tissues, intestines; ecto- outer tissues, Skin

How Earthworms feed

They consume soil which passes from crop to gizzard to intestine

How tapeworms obtain nutrients without mouth

Diffusion through their skin

How Earthworm cells receive nutrients

Closed circulatory System transports nutrients.

Outer covering of endoparasites

Tegument

Life cycle of an Ascaris

Host consumes infected food, worms breed in hosts intestine, eggs are excreted in waste, process repeats.

How are parasitic worm infections acquired?

Infected, under cooked meat

Body cavities of cnidarians and worms

Cnidarians - radial symetry, No celom; Worms- bilateral symmetry pseudocelom

Earthworms digestive tract

Crop- Chemical digestion and storage; Gizzard - physical digestion; Intestine - absorbs nutrients

Segmentation advantage for annelids

Segments allow for complex movements, support and protected body systems which allow for more complex organs

Visceral mass vs. Foot

Visceral mass = Guts; foot = locomotion

Circulatory system in mollusks

Open in Bivalves and Gastropods; closed in Cephalopods

How do most mollusks move?

By using their foot to move or slide

How oysters form pearls

Objects gets lodged in mantle and Oyster Forms protective Nacre shell

How do terrestrial snails breathe

With a mucus filled mantle cavity

Advantage of Coelom

Allows for more complex organs

Function of the foot in a mollusk

Locomotion

How do squid catch and hold prey

Tentacles grab arms hold

Structure mollusks use to "chew"

Radula

What is squid ink made of?

Mucus and pigment

Structure mollusks use to have water enter

Incurrent/ Excurrent Siphons

Mantle of a mollusk

Thick outer tissue layer

Primitive brain located in a mollusk or annelid

Cerebral Ganglion

What mollusks use if they don't have shells

Thicker mantle

Larval stage of a mollusk

Trochophore Doesn't resemble adult form

Advantage of a true coelom

More advanced organs

What does the nephridium do?

Filter blood and fluids like a simple kidney

Mollusks heart

Multiple hearts in squid, Single Chambers

Annelid vs mollusk hearts

Annelids have pumping vessels Not true hearts

Arthropods were the first to have

Jointed appendages

Arthropods have an external skeleton called a(n)

Exoskeleton

Arthropod sheds its exoskeleton through the process of

Molting

The arachnid body is made up of a(n)

Cephalothorax and an abdomen

Structures at the end of a spider's abdomen that direct the flow of silk

Spinnerets

Insect body is made up of sections

3

Insects that undergo metamorphosis go through larval and pupal stages

Complete

Arthropods with two pairs of antennae

Crustaceans

Most common of crustaceans like crabs and lobsters because of their number of legs

Decapoda

How most insects that are terrestrial breathe

Tracheae

How most spiders and other cheliformes breathe

Book lungs

Crustacean gland used as their uriniary system

Green gland

Structure spiders use to hold their food

Pedipalps

Four stages of complete metamorphosis

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

Compound eye

Multiple visual units in one structure

When young insects are born miniature version of the adult, like a praying mantis, it is called metamorphosis

Incomplete (Nymph)

Sharks are in what class

Choricthyes

Bony Fish are in the class

Osteicthyes

The major respiratory organs of a fish

Gills

If they lay eggs they are called

Oviparous

Lampreys and Hagfish are what type of fish (Jawless/ Jawed) also called

Agnathans

All fish are meaning that they have a hard structure that surrounds their spinal cord

Vertebrate

Tubules in the kidneys of fish that help with salt and water balancing are called

Nephrons

The pattern of movement of blood and water over the gill structure

Counter-current flow

A fish has what kind of circulation

Single loop

Sharks gills

Slits that have no bony covering

Bony fishes gills

Slits covered by an operculum

Why would a shark die if it stopped swimming?

They have no operculum to pump water

How is a bony fish able to stay still

They use their operculum to pump water

How do sharks stay afloat

Oily livers

How do bony fish stay afloat

Swim bladders filled with air

Ray finned bony fish

Teleost

Type of fish is a Coelacanth

Lobe finned

Give an example of each order of Amphibian

Salamanders, frogs, Caecillians

Is amphibian reproduction internal or external?

External

Missouri's giant salamander

Hellbender

Amphibians use to breathe?

Lungs/Skin

Largest shark ever discovered

Megalodon

Four types of reptiles

Crocidilian, Serpentes, lacertilia, testualines

Why reptiles need to bask

Ectothermic

Heat sensing organ in snakes

Pit organ

The organ snakes use to smell their prey

Jacobsons organ

Why it is incorrect to refer to a snake as venomous?

Venom has to be injected

Unique about a birds skeleton

Rigid and hollow

what the two types of feathers are for?

Contour: flight down: heat

Difference between a reptiles heart and a birds heart?

Bird: 4

What is unique about birds lungs?

Surrounded by air sacs = 1 way air flow