History Exam Semester 2 - People

Adam Smith

Founded modern economics and proposed the idea of free natural laws.

Karl Marx

Invented Marxism, a type of socialism, and believed that capitalism would ultimately destroy itself.

Friedrich Engels

Co-authored the Communist Manifesto and collaborated with Karl Marx.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Worked alongside Susan B. Anthony for women's suffrage and rights.

Susan B. Anthony

Collaborated with Elizabeth Cady Stanton for women's suffrage and rights.

Queen Victoria

Ruled for 64 years, leading to the Victorian Age, a time of British Empire expansion.

James Cook

British sea captain who claimed New Zealand and parts of Australia for Great Britain.

Maori

Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand around 800 CE, known for their farming and tattooing culture.

Aborigines

Native peoples of Australia with a culture that is approximately 50,000 years old.

I.R.A

An unofficial military force seeking independence for Ireland.

David Livingstone

Scottish missionary who disappeared in Congo in 1860 and was found 11 years later.

King Leopold II of Belgium

Commissioned Stanley to acquire land in the Congo River Valley.

Boers

Dutch term for farmers, they settled in the Cape.

Otto Von Bismarck

Chancellor of Prussia who unified Germany and formed the Triple Alliance.

Wilhelm II

German leader who halted the treaty with Russia and initiated a shipbuilding program.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the Austrian throne who was assassinated in Sarajevo.

Woodrow Wilson

President of the US who led the country through World War I.

Georges Clemenceau

Main French leader at the Paris Peace Conference.

David Lloyd George

Main British leader at the Paris Peace Conference.

Vittorio Orlando

Main Italian leader at the Paris Peace Conference.

Alex II

Russian leader whose policies led to widespread social unrest and eventual assassination.

Alex III

Russian leader who enforced autocratic principles and oppressed cultures.

Nicholas II

Czar of Russia who continued the tradition of autocracy.

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks who aimed to revolutionize Russia.

Rasputin

Self-proclaimed holy man with influence over Czarina Alexandra's son.

Josef Stalin

Lenin's successor who established a totalitarian government.

Benito Mussolini

Founder of the Fascist Party in Italy, gained power with the support of King Victor Emmanuel III.

Il-Duce

Title meaning 'leader' given to Mussolini.

Adolf Hitler

Led Germany during WWII and was responsible for the genocide of millions of Jews.

der-Fuhrer

Title meaning 'leader' given to Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party.

Paul von Hindenburg

Appointed Hitler as chancellor in 1933, granting him legal authority.

Francisco Franco

Became Spain's fascist dictator after the 1936 revolt.

Charles De Gaulle

French general who established a government-in-exile after France fell.

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister who collaborated with Roosevelt on the Atlantic Charter.

Franklin Roosevelt

US President during the Pearl Harbor attack, who called for victory over Japan.

Harry Truman

Succeeded Roosevelt and authorized the bombings of Hiroshima.

Edwin Rommel/Desert Fox

Leader of Afrika Korps who contributed to defeating the British in Libya.

Adm. Chester Nimitz

Commander in chief of the US Pacific Fleet during WWII.

Gen. Dwight Eisenhower

Leader of Operation Torch, the Allied campaign in North Africa.

Gen. George Patton

Led U.S. ground forces during Operation Overlord.

Gen. Douglas MacArthur

Accepted Japan's surrender on September 2, 1945.