History Exam Semester 2 - People

  • Adam Smith - made the wealth of the nation and founded free natural laws and modern economics

  • Karl Marx -invented a type of socialism called Marxism, and believed the capitalist system would destroy itself

  • Friedrich Engels - wrote the Communist Manifesto and worked with Karl Marx

  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton - she worked with Susan for woman suffrage and rights

  • Susan B. Anthony - she worked with Elizabeth for women's suffrage and rights

  • Queen Victoria - came to the throne at 18, so influential the 64 years she served was called the Victorian age, The British Empire reached the high of its power during her rule.

  • James Cook - a British sea captain, claimed New Zealand in 1769 and part of Australia in 1770 for Great Britain

  • Maori -Polynesian people, settled in New Zealand around 800 c.e., culture based on farming, hunting, and fishing, known today for their elaborate tattooing and the haka

  • Aborigines - Native peoples of Australia, the longest ongoing culture in the world at approximately 50,000 years old, Nomadic culture based on fishing, hunting, and gathering, today only about 3% of the Australian population has Aboriginal heritage

  • I.R.A. - formed as an unofficial military force seeking independence for Ireland

  • David Livingstone  - Scottish missionary disappeared into the Congo in 1860, and then found 11 years later by a reporter

  • King Leopold II of Belgium -commissioned Stanly to help him obtain land in the Congo River Valley

  • Boers - dutch for farmers,  settles in the cape

  • Otto Von Bismarck - chancellor of Prussia, used war to unify Germany, after this convinces Austria-Hungary, Germany, and then later invites Italy, also later Russia,  to form the triple alliance, to keep France under control

  • Wilhelm II - didn’t want to share power, stopped the treaty with Russia, then formed an alliance with France, began a shipbuilding program in an attempt to rival the British Navy

  • Archduke Franz Ferdinand - heir to the Austrian throne, was assassinated with his wife while visiting Sarajevo Bosnia

  • Woodrow Wilson - President of the US he asked Congress to declare war on Germany and led the US through WWII

  • Georges Clemenacu - main leader at the Paris Peace conference for France

  • David lloyd George - main leader at the Paris Peace conference for Great Britain

  • Vittorio Orlando - main leader at the Paris Peace conference for Italy 

  • Alex II - caused widespread social unrest, was assassinated for it

  • Alex III - clung to the principles of autocracy, had harsh rules to wipe out revolutionaries, oppressed other cultures besides Russian

  • Nicholas II - became Czar and continued the Russian autocracy

  • Vladmir Lenin - leader of the Bolsheviks, wanted to revolutionize Russia

  • Rasputin - self-described holy man that claimed to have magical powers, claimed to heal Czarina Alexandra son of his hemophilia

  • Josef Stalin - Lenin’s successor, instituted a totalitarian government

  • Benito Mussolini - newspaper editor and politician who promised to rescue Italy, founded Fascist Party in 1919, was given power by King Victor Emmanuel III when fascists marched and forced him to

  • Il-Duce - name Mussolini was given meaning leader

  •  Adolf Hitler - led Germany to WWII, led the killing of millions of Jews, died by suicide

  • der-Fuhrer - name Hitler is given meaning leader of the Nazi Party

  •  Paul von Hindenburg - name Hitler chancellor in 1933 giving Hitler legal power

  • Francisco Franco - took control of Spain in July of 1936 during a revolt against the government, became Spain’s fascist dictator

  • Charles De Gaulle - a French general, after France fell set up a government-in-exile in London, worked to reconquer France

  •  Winston Churchhill - British Prime Minister, worked with Roosevelt to issue a joint declaration called the Atlantic Charter

  • Franklin Roosevelt - president during the Pearl Harbor attack, made the calls for the final war defeating Japan

  • Harry Truman - successor of President Roosevelt, authorized the bombing of Hiroshima

  • Edwin Rommel/ Desert Fox - Leader of Afrika Korps, tank Battalion, helped defeat the British in Libya

  • Adm. Chester Nimitz - commander in chief of the US Pacific Fleet

  • Gen. Dwight Eisenhower  - leader of Operation Torch

  •  Gen. George Patton - leader of the U.S. ground forces in operation Overlord

  •  Gen. Douglas MacArthur  - accepted Japan’s surrender, on September 2nd 1945