Studied by 1 person
Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
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canal
a manmade waterway that connects bodies of water
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mass produced
goods produced in large numbers, cheaply in a factory
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capital
land, labor, or money used to make profits
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capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of capital and using money to make more money
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consumers
People who buy and use goods and services.
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steam engine
a machine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power.
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Henry Bessemer
Englishman who developed the first efficient method for the mass production of steel
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Bessemer process
A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.
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Great Exhibition of 1851
The world's first industrial fair, organized by Prince Albert as a symbol of British industrial domination.
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Crystal Palace
Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.
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patent
exclusive rights over an invention; copyright;
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middle class
Also called the Bourgeoisie, it is the social class made up of business owners and professionals.
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Corn Laws
1815 tariff on imported grain in Britain to protect domestic farmers (opposed by Urban areas).
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free trade
international trade free of government interference or protective tariffs
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tariff
A tax on imported goods
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potato famine
Starvation in Ireland due to a fungus that killed potatoes. Led to massive deaths and migration out of Ireland.
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"Hungry '40s"
crop failures across Europe, price increase, famine jeopardizes social peace, manufacturing decrease, unemployment increase
Emancipation Edict of 1861
Freeing of the Russian serfs by Tsar Alexander II
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goods
Physical objects such as clothes or shoes purchased to satisfy human wants.
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services
Actions or activities that one person performs for another, usually for money (such as a travel agent booking a vacation for someone)
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