Motor Labs

ML 9: Aug Feedback

Sample Graph:

Performance improves with improved precision of FB

ML 8: Contextual Interference

Sample Graph:
Disassociation. Blocked practice does better in practice, but worse in retention. Random practice does best in retention

ML 8: What’s the most important thing for CI?

Difference between practice variability vs random practice?

Skills being highly switched and not low predictability

Practice variability (variable practice) is variations of one GMP.

Random practice (vs blocked) is a variations of more than one GMP

ML: 7 Practice Variability

Sample Graph:

Variable practice is worse in acquisition than constance practice but in retention/transfer, constant practice is worse than variable practice

ML 6: Fitt’s Law
What’s the y-intercept? What’s the slope? What is the x and y axis?

Y-intercept: tapping in place (low accuracy needs)

Slope: Rate of mvmt processing and what happens to MT as ID increases by 1

x axis = ID

y axis = MT

ML6: What’s Fitt’s law? What’s the equation?

Speed-accuracy tradeoff

Changing the difficulty of the movement (ID) but changing the accuracy has a predictable affect in the speed of the movement (MT)

There’s a logarithmic relationship between MT and ID

MT = a + b (log₂(2A/W)

ML 6: Determine the ID for a movement with an amplitude of 64 cm and a target width of 2 cm

ID = log₂(2W/A)

log₂( (2×64) / 2) = log₂(64)

ID = 6

Contrast the relationships between Fitt’s and Schmidt’s Law

Fitts’ Law:

Log-linear → MT vs ID → speed-accuracy trade off in closed loop situations

Schmidt’s Law:

Linear → variability vs force → increasing force, increases noise, which reduces accuracy open loop situations

ML 5: Slater-Hammel. What is it?

Evidence of motor programs. It checks inhibition vs time to target.
PONR is the point when the motor program is sent from cortex to effector (muscle). At PONR, 50% chance of inhibiting the motor program from being sent.

ML 4: What is PRP? What is SOA? When on a graph does PRP happen?

Psychological Refractory Period PRP:

The delay (compared to baseline) in response that happens when a stimulus (s1) is followed by another stimulus (s2) within 50-250 ms of S1.

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony SOA:

How soon after S1 is S2 released. Calculated by (S2 time - S1 time)

On the graph, PRP happens anywhere above where the mean RT for S2 is without any other stimulus. So basically, if you were only doing S2, without doing S1 first, you’d have a mean time (horizontal cuz pretty much constant). PRP starts any time the RT vs SOA line is ABOVE this line.

ML 4: Which stage of info is affected most by PRP?

Response Programming.
Gotta finish the planning/organizing of RP for S1 before you can move to S2

ML 2: Hicks Law
What does y-intercept mean?

What is slope of the line?

What does doubling the # of choices mean for S-R alternatives?

y-intercept = one choice ie. Simple RT

Slope = rate of processing of each bit of info. As bits go up (S-R alt doubles), RT goes up by the same amount

ML 2: What is Hicks Law

Hicks law states that RT increases the same amount every time the number of S-R alternatives double (increases by 1 bit).

Linear relationship between RT and bits of info (doubling the S-R alternative)

ML 3: Memory

Sample graph

Shows evidence for STM having a 7±2 capacity unless chunking and 30-60 second duration without rehearsal

ML 3: Memory
What’s the benefit/drawback of filling the delay between study and test for STM

Filling the delay is a drawback since it stops rehearsal which causes you to forget

What is CE, AE, and VE

CE: Constant Error

• Your accuracy of the target with direction included

• Accuracy + bias

• Prone to cancellation effects

• + score means overshoot, - score means undershoot

AE:

• Your accuracy of the target without direction, hence no cancellation

• Gives the best overall/average error

VE: Variable Error

• Average spread of errors around the mean over a series of trials

• Shows consistency/variability(